Explanation:
Here we will apply the law of conservation of momentum which is one of the powerful laws of physics. As this law states that the "if no external forces are acting on the system then the net momentum of the system before and after must remain conserved. As the astronaut has a hammer, if he throws it in the direction opposite of his space craft, he will automatically move towards the space craft to conserve the momentum. That's how he can reach the space craft easily by throwing away the hammer.
Answer:
The Stefan–Boltzmann constant (also Stefan's constant), a physical constant denoted by the Greek letter σ (sigma), is the constant of proportionality in the Stefan–Boltzmann law: "the total intensity radiated over all wavelengths increases as the temperature increases", of a black body which is proportional to the ...
Odometer: tells you the distance traveled by vehicle since it was new (or when last reset)
Speedometer: tells you the velocity of the vehicle at that moment.
Final velocity = 0, thus final kinetic energy is 0
Initial kinetic energy:
0.5mv²
= 0.5 x 0.48 x 4.08²
= 4.0 J
Decrease in kinetic energy = 4 - 0 = 4 Joules
