Substitution Reactions are those reactions in which one nucleophile replaces another nucleophile present on a substrate. These reactions can take place via two different mechanism i.e SN¹ or SN². In SN¹ substitution reactions the leaving group leaves first forming a carbocation and nucleophile attacks carbocation in the second step. While in SN² reactions the addition of Nucleophile and leaving of leaving group take place simultaneously.

Example:
OH⁻ + CH₃-Br → CH₃-OH + Br⁻

In above reaction,

OH⁻ = Incoming Nucleophile

CH₃-Br = Substrate

CH₃-OH = Product

Br⁻ = Leaving group

Organic reactions are typically slower than ionic reactions because in organic compounds the covalent bonds are first broken, this breaking of bonds is a slower step, while, in ionic compounds no bond breakage is required as it consists of ions, so only bond formation takes place which is a quicker and fast step.

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3 years ago

Draw the structure for 1-nitrobutane, making sure to add all non-zero formal charges.

TiliK225 [7]

The molecular structure of 1-nitrobutane is $C_{4} H_{9} NO_{2}$ . The structure of 1-nitrobutane is shown below.

An atom's formal charge would be determined by the covalent model of chemical bonding, which assumes that almost all chemical bonds include equal sharing of electrons among all atoms, regardless their relative electronegativity.

The structure for 1-nitrobutane, making sure to add all non-zero formal charges

There are four kind of molecule present in 1-nitrobutane and they are carbon, hydrogen , nitrogen and oxygen. Nitrogen is bonded with two oxygen atom out of them one oxygen atom is attached with single bond and second oxygen atom is bonded with double bond. Nitrogen has positive charge whereas oxygen has negative charge.

It is a kind of alkane in with nitro group is attached with alkane group.

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