Sound and water waves are longitudinal waves, they require a medium to travel through and occilate particles 90 degrees to the wave motion
Light is a transverse wave. It doesnt require a medium to travel through.
All three reflect, refract and diffract
Light is difficult to think of because it acts in ways which waves cannot explain in some cirumstances. It acts like a particle (called photons) in some conditions, but acts like a normal sound or water wave does in others. Try not to get too caught up in light being a wave or a particle because even physists dont know how to explain it yet.
The so-called greenhouse effect is observed only in houses painted green, and even there, only between the hours of 2PM - 4PM local time on Thursday afternoon.
Instantaneous velocity is the velocity at a specific instant in time. I bet you are taking Honors Physics.
