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Yanka [14]
3 years ago
9

A group of students prepare for a robotic competition and build a robot that can launch large spheres of mass M in the horizonta

l direction with variable speed and from a variable vertical position and a fixed horizontal position x=0.
The robot is calibrated by adjusting the speed at which the sphere is launched and the height of the robot’s sphere launcher. Depending on where the spheres land on the ground, students earn points based on the accuracy of the robot. The robot is calibrated so that when the spheres are launched from a vertical position y=H and speed v0, they consistently land on the ground on a target that is at a position x=D. Positive directions for vector quantities are indicated in the figure.

When the students arrive at the competition, it is determined that the height of the sphere launcher can no longer be adjusted due to a mechanical malfunction. Therefore, the spheres must be launched at a vertical position of y=H2. However, the spheres may be launched at speed v0 or 2v0.
Question: In a clear response that may also contain diagrams and/or equations, describe which speed, v0 or 2v0, the students should launch the sphere at so that they earn the maximum number of points in the competition.

Physics
1 answer:
jeyben [28]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

V_0

Explanation:

Given that, the range covered by the sphere, M, when released by the robot from the height, H, with the horizontal speed V_0 is D as shown in the figure.

The initial velocity in the vertical direction is 0.

Let g be the acceleration due to gravity, which always acts vertically downwards, so, it will not change the horizontal direction of the speed, i.e. V_0 will remain constant throughout the projectile motion.

So, if the time of flight is t, then

D=V_0t\; \cdots (i)

Now, from the equation of motion

s=ut+\frac 1 2 at^2\;\cdots (ii)

Where s is the displacement is the direction of force, u is the initial velocity, a is the constant acceleration and t is time.

Here, s= -H, u=0, and a=-g (negative sign is for taking the sigh convention positive in +y direction as shown in the figure.)

So, from equation (ii),

-H=0\times t +\frac 1 2 (-g)t^2

\Rightarrow H=\frac 1 2 gt^2

\Rightarrow t=\sqrt {\frac {2H}{g}}\;\cdots (iii)

Similarly, for the launched height 2H, the new time of flight, t', is

t'=\sqrt {\frac {4H}{g}}

From equation (iii), we have

\Rightarrow t'=\sqrt 2 t\;\cdots (iv)

Now, the spheres may be launched at speed V_0 or 2V_0.

Let, the distance covered in the x-direction be D_1 for V_0 and D_2 for 2V_0, we have

D_1=V_0t'

D_1=V_0\times \sqrt 2 t [from equation (iv)]

\Rightarrow D_1=\sqrt 2 D [from equation (i)]

\Rightarrow D_1=1.41 D (approximately)

This is in the 3 points range as given in the figure.

Similarly, D_2=2V_0t'

D_2=2V_0\times \sqrt 2 t [from equation (iv)]

\Rightarrow D_2=2\sqrt 2 D [from equation (i)]

\Rightarrow D_2=2.82 D (approximately)

This is out of range, so there is no point for 2V_0.

Hence, students must choose the speed V_0 to launch the sphere to get the maximum number of points.

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A 1300-N crate rests on the floor. How much work is required to move it at constant speed (a)
kherson [118]

a) The work done is 920 J

b) The work done is 5200 J

Explanation:

a)

In this first part of the problem, the crate is moved horizontally at constant speed.

The work required in this case is given by

W=Fd cos \theta

where

F is the magnitude of the force applied

d is the displacement of the crate

\theta is the angle between the direction of the force and of the displacement

Here the crate is moved at constant speed: this means that the acceleration of the crate is zero, and so according to Newton's second law, the net force on the crate is zero: this means that the force applied, F, must be equal to the force of friction (but in opposite direction), so

F = 230 N

The displacement is

d = 4.0 m

And the angle is \theta=0^{\circ}, since the force is applied horizontally. Therefore, the work done is

W=(230)(4.0)(cos 0^{\circ})=920 J

b)

In this case, the crate is moved vertically. The force that must be applied to lift the crate must be equal to the weight of the crate (in order to move it a constant speed), therefore

F = W = 1300 N

The displacement this time is again

d = 4.0 m

And the angle is \theta=0^{\circ}, since the force is applied vertically, and the crate is moved also vertically. Therefore, the work done on the crate this time is

W=(1300)(4.0)(cos 0^{\circ})=5200 J

Learn more about work:

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4 0
3 years ago
The following chart provides the pH of some common foods. How many would be considered basic?
Yuri [45]

The ones with pH greater than 7

Explanation:

A pH scale is a scale for expressing the level of acidity or alkalinity of aqueous solutions.

This scale is called a pH or pOH scale. The pH is the common one.

pH of a solution is the negative logarithm to base 10 o the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution.

  • The scale ranges from 1 through 14.
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6 0
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A piece of aluminum has a volume of 1.50 10-3 m3. the coefficient of volume expansion for aluminum is β = 69 ✕ 10-6 (°c)-1. the
Alex17521 [72]

Answer:

W = 3.12 J

Explanation:

Given the volume is 1.50*10^-3  m^3 and the coefficient of volume for aluminum is β = 69*10^-6 (°C)^-1. The temperature rises from 22°C to 320°C. The difference in temperature is 320 - 22 = 298°C, so ΔT = 298°C. To reiterate our known values we have:

β = 69*10^-6 (°C)^-1       V = 1.50*10^-3  m^3       ΔT = 298°C

So we can plug into the thermal expansion equation to find ΔV which is how much the volume expanded (I'll use d instead of Δ because of format):

dV = \beta V_{0} dT\\dV = (69*10^{-6})( C)^{-1} * (1.50*10^{-3})m^{3} * (298)C\\dV = 3.0843*10^-5

So ΔV = 3.0843*10^-5 m^3

Now we have ΔV, next we have to solve for the work done by thermal expansion. The air pressure is 1.01 * 10^5 Pa

To get work, multiply the air pressure and the volume change.

W = P * dV = (1.01 * 10^5)Pa * (3.0843*10^{-5})m^3\\W = 3.115143J

W = 3.12 J

Hope this helps!

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Object a has a mass of 20 g
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And.. where is the rest of the question?
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