I THINK 18 OR 21 I AM SORRY IF I AM WRONG BRO
Answer:
1. Changing Beam Material
2. Corrugation
3. Changing Beam form
4. Steel Reinforcing Bars
Explanation:
Changing Beam Material
Some materials are stronger when used in beams than others. Beams made of steel for instance are stronger than beams made of wood. Therefore changing material can improve the strength of the beam. It is quite important to take into account the weights of the material though as different structures have different requirements.
Corrugation.
You can fold the beam into triangular shapes to increase strength. If you look at roofs you will notice that they are folded and this increased their strength. The same logic can be applied to beams.
Changing Beam Form
Another way to make Beams stronger is to change their form or rather their shape. Straight beams are not as strong as I-beams for instance. I-beams look like the capital letter I with the lines at both ends. I-beams are usually used in construction which shows that they are quite strong.
Steel Reinforcing Bars
When placed in concrete beams, Steel Reinforcing Bars which are also called Rebar can help strengthen a beam by helping it withstand the forces of tension. A concrete beam with Rebar inside it is known as Reinforced Concrete.
A catalyst will speed up the activation energy and therefore speed up the reaction. The products will form fast because of this.
Answer:
The change in entropy of the surrounding is -146.11 J/K.
Explanation:
Enthalpy of formation of iodine gas = 
Enthalpy of formation of chlorine gas = 
Enthalpy of formation of ICl gas = 
The equation used to calculate enthalpy change is of a reaction is:
![\Delta H_{rxn}=\sum [n\times \Delta H_f(product)]-\sum [n\times \Delta H_f(reactant)]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20H_%7Brxn%7D%3D%5Csum%20%5Bn%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20H_f%28product%29%5D-%5Csum%20%5Bn%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20H_f%28reactant%29%5D)
For the given chemical reaction:
The equation for the enthalpy change of the above reaction is:
![\Delta H_{rxn}=[(2\times \Delta H_f_{(ICl)})]-[(1\times \Delta H_f_{(I_2)})+(1\times \Delta H_f_{(Cl_2)})]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20H_%7Brxn%7D%3D%5B%282%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20H_f_%7B%28ICl%29%7D%29%5D-%5B%281%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20H_f_%7B%28I_2%29%7D%29%2B%281%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20H_f_%7B%28Cl_2%29%7D%29%5D)
![=[2\times 17.78 kJ/mol]-[1\times 0 kJ/mol+1\times 62.436 kJ/mol]=-26.878 kJ/mol](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%3D%5B2%5Ctimes%2017.78%20kJ%2Fmol%5D-%5B1%5Ctimes%200%20kJ%2Fmol%2B1%5Ctimes%2062.436%20kJ%2Fmol%5D%3D-26.878%20kJ%2Fmol)
Enthaply change when 1.62 moles of iodine gas recast:
Entropy of the surrounding = 
1 kJ = 1000 J
The change in entropy of the surrounding is -146.11 J/K.
