A dockworker applies a constant horizontal force of 90.0 N to a block of ice on a smooth horizontal floor. The frictional force
2 answers:
<h2>Answer:</h2>
70.31kg
<h2>Explanation:</h2><h2></h2><em>Step I:</em> Consider Newton's second law of motion which states that;
∑F = m x a;
<em>Where;</em>
∑F = net force acting on a body
m = the mass of the body
a = acceleration due to the force on the body.
<em>Step II:</em><em> Now to the question;</em>
Since frictional force is negligible and the only force acting on the block of ice is the applied force by the dockworker, the net force on the body (block of ice) is the constant horizontal force. i.e
∑F = 90.0N
<em>Also;</em>
the block starts from rest and moves a distance (s) of 13.0m in a time (t) of 4.50s. Here, we can get the acceleration in that duration of time using one
the equations of motion as follows;
s = ut + at² ------------------------------(ii)
<em>Where;</em>
s = distance covered = 13.0m
u = initial velocity = 0 [since the block starts from rest]
t = time taken to cover the distance = 4.50s
a = acceleration of the body.
<em>Substitute these values into equation (ii) as follows;</em>
13.0 = 0(4.5) + (a)(4.50)²
13.0 = 0 + (a)(20.25)
13.0 = (a)(20.25)
13.0 = 10.125a
Solve for a;
a =
a = 1.28m/s²
<em>Step III:</em> Now substitute the values of a = 1.28m/s² and ∑F = 90.0N into equation (i) as follows;
90.0 = m x 1.28
m =
m = 70.31
Therefore, the mass of the block of ice is 70.31kg
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A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Explanation:
A)
When the particle is accelerated by a potential difference V, the change (decrease) in electric potential energy of the particle is given by:
where
q is the charge of the particle (positive)
On the other hand, the change (increase) in the kinetic energy of the particle is (assuming it starts from rest):
where
m is the mass of the particle
v is its final speed
According to the law of conservation of energy, the change (decrease) in electric potential energy is equal to the increase in kinetic energy, so:
And solving for v, we find the speed v at which the particle enters the cyclotron:
B)
When the particle enters the region of magnetic field in the cyclotron, the magnetic force acting on the particle (acting perpendicular to the motion of the particle) is
where B is the strength of the magnetic field.
This force acts as centripetal force, so we can write:
where r is the radius of the orbit.
Since the two forces are equal, we can equate them:
And solving for r, we find the radius of the orbit:
(1)
C)
The period of revolution of a particle in circular motion is the time taken by the particle to complete one revolution.
It can be calculated as the ratio between the length of the circumference () and the velocity of the particle (v):
(2)
From eq.(1), we can rewrite the velocity of the particle as
Substituting into(2), we can rewrite the period of revolution of the particle as:
And we see that this period is indepedent on the velocity.
D)
The angular frequency of a particle in circular motion is related to the period by the formula
(3)
where T is the period.
The period has been found in part C:
Therefore, substituting into (3), we find an expression for the angular frequency of motion:
And we see that also the angular frequency does not depend on the velocity.
E)
For this part, we use again the relationship found in part B:
which can be rewritten as
(4)
The kinetic energy of the particle is written as
So, from this we can find another expression for the velocity:
And substitutin into (4), we find:
So, this is the radius of the cyclotron that we must have in order to accelerate the particles at a kinetic energy of K.
Note that for a cyclotron, the acceleration of the particles is achevied in the gap between the dees, where an electric field is applied (in fact, the magnetic field does zero work on the particle, so it does not provide acceleration).