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bonufazy [111]
3 years ago
6

The lattice energy of a salt is related to the energy required to separate the ions. For which of the following pairs of ions is

the energy that is required to separate the ions largest? (Assume that the distance between the ions in each pair is equal to the sum of the ionic radii.)
Chemistry
1 answer:
Kay [80]3 years ago
5 0

Answer: The Lattice energy is the energy required to separate an ionic solid into its component gaseous ions <em>or</em>

It is the energy released when gaseous ions combine to form an ionic solid.

Explanation:

The lattice energy depends on the ionization energies and electron affinities of atoms involved in the formation of the compound. The ionization energies and electron affinities also depends on the ionic radius and charges of the ions involved. As the ionic radius for cations <em>increases</em> down the groups, ionization energy <em>decreases</em>, whereas, as ionic radii <em>decreases</em> across the periods , ionization energy <em>increases</em>. The trend observed for anions is that as ionic radii <em>increase </em>down the groups, electron affinity <em>decreases. </em>Across the period, as ionic radii <em>increases</em> electron affinity <em>increases</em>. Also, as the charge on the ion <em>increases,</em> it leads to an <em>increase</em> in energy requirement/content.

Therefore, for compounds formed from cations  and anions in the same period, the highest charged cation and anion will have the highest lattice energy. For example, among the following compounds: Al2O3 (aluminium oxide), AlCl3 (aluminium chloride), MgO, MgCl2 (magnesium chloride), NaCl, Na2O (sodium oxide); Al2O3(aluminium oxide) will have the highest lattice energy, thus will be hardest to break apart because its ions have the highest charge.

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A 232-lb fullback runs the 40-yd dash at a speed of 19.8 ± 0.1 mi/h.
Neporo4naja [7]

Answer:

(a)  7.11 x 10⁻³⁷ m

(b)  1.11 x 10⁻³⁵ m

Explanation:

(a)  The de Broglie wavelength is given by the expression:

λ = h/p = h/mv

where h is plancks constant, p is momentum which is equal to mass times velocity.

We have all the data required to calculate the wavelength, but first we will have to convert the velocity to m/s, and the mass to kilograms to work in metric system.

v = 19.8 mi/h x ( 1609.34 m/s ) x ( 1 h / 3600 s ) = 8.85 m/s

m = 232 lb x ( 0.454 kg/ lb ) = 105.33 kg

λ = h/ mv = 6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J·s / ( 105.33 kg x 8.85 m/s ) = 7.11 x 10⁻³⁷ m

(b) For this part we have to use the uncertainty principle associated with wave-matter:

ΔpΔx > = h/4π

mΔvΔx > = h/4π

Δx = h/ (4π m Δv )

Again to utilize this equation we will have to convert the uncertainty in velocity to m/s for unit consistency.

Δv = 0.1 mi/h x ( 1609.34 m/mi ) x ( 1 h/ 3600 s )  

     = 0.045 m/s

Δx = h/ (4π m Δv ) = 6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J·s / (4π x 105.33 kg x 0.045 m/s )

     = 1.11 x 10⁻³⁵ m

This calculation shows us why we should not be talking of wavelengths associatiated with everyday macroscopic objects for we are obtaining an uncertainty of 1.11 x 10⁻³⁵ m for the position of the fullback.

5 0
3 years ago
Compare and contrast the burning of wood and the metabolism of glucose in your cells. How are they similar, and how are they dif
Alisiya [41]

Burning of wood is a combustion reaction and the metabolism of glucose in your cells is cellular respiratory reaction.

Cellular respiration releases stored energy in glucose molecules and converts it into a form of energy that can be used by cells.

Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules, diverting the chemical energy in these substances into life-sustaining activities and discarding, as waste products, carbon dioxide and water.

Wood as well as many common items that combust are organic (i.e., they are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen). When organic molecules combust the reaction products are carbon dioxide and water (as well as heat)

Similarities:

1. Combustion reaction and metabolism of glucose both require oxygen.

2. Combustion and metabolism of glucose both product carbon dioxide and water

3. Both produces by-products: After cellular respiration and combustion have gotten what they needed from the wood, there will be byproducts from the conversion. In the case of combustion, they are noxious gases like carbon monoxide. In the case of respiration, the sugar molecule is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

4. Catalyst: While breaking apart the bonds to release the stored energy either combustion or sugars for respiration the bonds will not broken by themselves. In each case, a catalyst is required to start the reaction that will break the bonds apart. In the case of combustion, the catalyst is a spark. Wood are flammable, so the spark will ignite the burning, breaking apart the bonds and releasing the energy. For respiration, enzymes are used to break the sugar molecule apart.

Differences

1. Glucose metabolism produces a chemical energy, while combustion produces light and heat energy.

2. Glucose metabolism is an endothermic reaction while combustion is an exothermic reaction (produces heat)

8 0
3 years ago
What is the weight of a 98 kg person
vladimir2022 [97]
The weight of 98kg is 216.053 pounds.
7 0
3 years ago
I MARK AS BRAINLIEST IF YOU ANSWER QUICK!
Sedaia [141]

Answer:

Earth's average albedo is about 0.3. In other words, about 30 percent of incoming solar radiation is reflected back into space and 70 percent is absorbed. A sensor aboard NASA's Terra satellite is now collecting detailed measurements of how much sunlight the earth's surface reflects back up into the atmosphere.

Explanation:

hope this helps :)

5 0
3 years ago
What type of volcano will most likely form when intermittent eruptions of different intensities take over a long period of time
PSYCHO15rus [73]

Answer: D shield volcano

Explanation:

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