This means the nucleus of an atom is always positively charged
Explanation:
Entropy means the amount of randomness present within the molecules of the body of a substance.
Relation between entropy and microstate is as follows.
S = 
where, S = entropy
= Boltzmann constant
= number of microstates
This equation only holds good when the system is neither losing or gaining energy. And, in the given situation we assume that the system is neither gaining or losing energy.
Also, let us assume that
= 1, and
= 0.833
Therefore, change in entropy will be calculated as follows.

= 
= 
= 
or, = 
Thus, we can conclude that the entropy change for a particle in the given system is
J/K particle.
The heat released by the water when it cools down by a temperature difference AT
is Q = mC,AT
where
m=432 g is the mass of the water
C, = 4.18J/gºC
is the specific heat capacity of water
AT = 71°C -18°C = 530
is the decrease of temperature of the water
Plugging the numbers into the equation, we find
Q = (4329)(4.18J/9°C)(53°C) = 9.57. 104J
and this is the amount of heat released by the water.