Why do quarterbacks throw the football with significant spin about its long axis?
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Answer:
The 5-number summary is
1. Median = 0.93 W/kg
2. Lower quartile = 0.69 W/kg
3. Upper quartile = 1.16 W/kg
4. Minimum value = 0.54 W/kg
5. Maximum value = 1.42 W/kg
Explanation:
We are given the measured radiation absorption rates (in W/kg) corresponding to 11 cell phones.
1.16 0.85 0.69 0.75 0.95 0.93 1.18 1.17 1.42 0.54 0.57
What is 5-number summary?
A 5-number summary refers to a box plot that basically shows 5 statistical characteristics of a data set.
These statistical characteristics are:
1. Median
2. Lower quartile
3. Upper quartile
4. Minimum value
5. Maximum value
1. Median:
Arrange the data in ascending order
0.54 0.57 0.69 0.75 0.85 0.93 0.95 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.42
(n+1)/2 gives the median value of the data set.
(11 + 1)/2 = 6th position
Therefore, 0.93 W/kg is the median of the data set.
2. Lower quartile:
Divide the data set into two equal halfs (include median in both if n = odd)
Lower half = 0.54 0.57 0.69 0.75 0.85 0.93
Upper half = 0.93 0.95 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.42
The lower quartile is the median of the lower half of the data set.
Lower half = 0.54 0.57 0.69 0.75 0.85 0.93
The median is 6/2 = 3rd position
Therefore, the lower quartile of the data set is 0.69 W/kg
3. Upper quartile:
Divide the data set into two equal halfs (include median in both if n = odd)
Lower half = 0.54 0.57 0.69 0.75 0.85 0.93
Upper half = 0.93 0.95 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.42
The upper quartile is the median of the lower half of the data set.
Upper half = 0.93 0.95 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.42
The median is 6/2 = 3rd position
Therefore, the upper quartile of the data set is 1.16 W/kg
4. Minimum value:
The minimum value is the least value in the data set.
0.54 0.57 0.69 0.75 0.85 0.93 0.95 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.42
Therefore, the minimum value of the data set is 0.54 W/kg
5. Maximum value
The maximum value is the least value in the data set.
0.54 0.57 0.69 0.75 0.85 0.93 0.95 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.42
Therefore, the maximum value of the data set is 1.42 W/kg
The box plot is illustrated in the attached diagram.
