Answer:
Option b, pothographs from drones.
Explanation:
the USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) decided to make photographic captures from drones to the volcanic surfaces, which allowed through observations to understand things like the characteristics of the lava, the height of the volcanic plumes (among others).
Podemos ver en el siguiente enlace un ejemplo de fotografía tomada desde un dron al Kilauea.
https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/k-lauea-volcano-drone-over-lava-channel
Answer:

Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The electric filed is
Generally according to Gauss law
=> 
Given that the electric field is pointing downward , the equation become

Here
is the excess charge on the surface of the earth
is the surface area of the of the earth which is mathematically represented as

Where r is the radius of the earth which has a value 
substituting values


So

Here
s the permitivity of free space with value

substituting values


The horizontal change between two points on a graph is called the 'run'.
The vertical change between two points is called the 'rise'.
Explanation:
the acceleration will be unchanged according to newton second law of motion