Because they are closer to the farther end of the periodic table. Since they are closer to the farther end they don't want to give away their electrons because it would be easier for them to just steal them from other atoms.
Answer:
- Acetic acid (CH₃COOH) and hydronium ion (H₃O⁺)
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, based on the acid-base theory which states that acids are known as H⁺ donors, if we consider the direct reaction:

It is clear that the acetic acid is the first H⁺ donor as it losses one H⁺ to turn into the acetate ion. Moreover, if we consider the inverse reaction:

It is also clear that the hydronium ion is the second H⁺ donor as it losses one H⁺ to turn into water.
Best regards.
Answer:
B. the products have a smaller number of available energy microstates than the reactants.