A gasoline engine with efficiency 25% delivers 1500 J of mechanical work per cycle. How much heat does this engine discard per c
1 answer:
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(a)
We can solve the different part of the problem by using Gauss theorem.
Considering a Gaussian spherical surface with radius r<a (inside the shell), we can write:
where q is the charge contained in the spherical surface, so
Solving for E(r), we find the expression of the field for r<a:
(b) 0
The electric field strength in the region a < r < b is zero. This is due to the fact that the charge +q placed at the center of the shell induces an opposite charge -q on the inner surface of the shell (r=a), while the outer surface of the shell (r=b) will acquire a net charge of +q.
So, if we use Gauss theorem for the region a < r < b, we get
however, the charge q' contained in the Gaussian sphere of radius r is now the sum of the charge at the centre (+q) and the charge induced on the inner surface of the shell (-q), so
q' = + q - q = 0
And so we find
E(r) = 0
(c)
We can use again Gauss theorem:
(1)
where this time r > b (outside the shell), so the gaussian surface this time contained:
- the charge +q at the centre
- the inner surface, with a charge of -q
- the outer surface, with a charge of +q
So the net charge is
q' = +q -q +q = +q
And so solving (1) we find
which is identical to the expression of the field inside the shell.
(d)
We said that at r = a, a charge of -q is induced. The induced charge density will be
where is the area of the inner surface of the shell. Substituting
q = 5.00 C
a = 0.18 m
We find the induced charge density:
(e)
We said that at r = b, a charge of +q is induced. The induced charge density will be
where is the area of the outer surface of the shell. Substituting
q = 5.00 C
b = 0.46 m
We find the induced charge density: