1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
MArishka [77]
2 years ago
9

Describe the shapes and relative energies of the s,p,d, and f atomic orbitals?

Chemistry
2 answers:
Mariulka [41]2 years ago
6 0

Relative energies are in the order:

s < p < d < f

And the shape of these orbitals are

s - spherical

p - dumbbell

d - double dumbbell        

f -   double double dumbbell  

neonofarm [45]2 years ago
5 0

The shapes of s, p, d and f orbitals are spherical, dumbbell, clover leaf and double dumbbell respectively. (For structures, refer to the attached image). The relative energies of these orbitals follows the order s < p < d < f.

Further explanation:

Atomic Orbital:

It is a mathematical function required for the description of the wave-nature of electrons in an atom. The probability to find an electron in a specific region around the nucleus of an atom is determined by these orbitals. Four different types of atomic orbitals are present. These are<em> s, p, d</em> and<em> f</em> orbitals. The value of quantum numbers is different for each atomic orbital.

An atom can be occupied by various orbitals. The size of the orbitals is related to the possibility of finding electrons. Smaller the size of orbitals, higher will be the possibility to find electrons and vice-versa.

The s orbitals are nondirectional in nature and therefore have spherical shape. This is because these have spherical symmetry and the wave function depends only on the distance from the nucleus but not on the direction. (For shape, refer to the attached image).

The p orbitals have dumbbell shape. These are of three types, {p_x}, {p_y} and {p_z}. (For shape, refer to the attached image).

The d orbitals have shape somewhat similar to a clover leaf. These are of five types- {d_{xy}}, {d_{yz}}, {d_{xz}}, {d_{{x^2} - {y^2}}} and {d_{{z^2}}}. These orbitals have two angular nodes where the probability of finding electrons is zero. (For shape, refer to the attached image).

The f orbitals have double dumbbell shape. These are of seven types- {f_{xyz}}, {f_{y\left( {{x^2} - {z^2}} \right)}}, {f_{z\left( {{x^2} - {y^2}} \right)}}, {f_{x\left( {{z^2} - {y^2}} \right)}}, {f_{{x^3} - \frac{3}{5}x{r^2}}}, {f_{{z^3} - \dfrac{3}{5}z{r^2}}}  and {f_{{y^3} - \dfrac{3}{5}y{r^2}}}. (For shape, refer to the attached image).

The energy of various orbitals depends on the principal quantum number (n) and azimuthal quantum number (l). More the value of n, higher will be the energy and vice-versa. In case, orbitals have the same value of n, that having higher (n + l) will have higher energy. The increasing order of energy of various orbitals is,

s < p < d < f  

Learn more:

  1. The major contribution of Antoine Lavoisier to chemistry: brainly.com/question/2500879
  2. Example of physical change: brainly.com/question/1119909

Answer details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Atomic Structure

Keywords: atomic orbital, shape, energy, s, p, d, f, spherical, dumbbell, double dumbbell, clover leaf, nucleus.

You might be interested in
What is bond stability??​
Nookie1986 [14]

Answer:

Bond order is a counting method that gives an idea about numbers of electrons shared between atoms. A species with a higher bond order is more stable. A bond order equal to 2 is a double bond, and a bond order of 3 is a triple bond.

Explanation:

8 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
File:
givi [52]

Ummm I just need to answer questions sorry!!!

8 0
3 years ago
If a solution conducts electricity, it is positive evidence that
BlackZzzverrR [31]

Answer:

If a solution conducts electricity, it is positive evidence that solute dissolved in solvent is electrolyte.

3 0
2 years ago
There are 100.0 grams of each reactant available determine the limiting reactant in this equation
Romashka [77]
Since you have not included the chemical reaction I will explain you in detail.

1) To determine the limiting agent you need two things:

- the balanced chemical equation

- the amount of every reactant involved as per the chemical equation

2) The work is:

- state the mole ratios of all the reactants: these are the ratios of the coefficientes of the reactans in the balanced chemical equation.


- determine the number of moles of each reactant with this formula:

number of moles = (mass in grams) / (molar mass)

- set the proportion with the two ratios (theoretical moles and actual moles)


- compare which reactant is below than the stated by the theoretical ratio.

3) Example: determine the limiting agent in this reaction if there are 100 grams of each reactant:

i) Chemical equation: H₂ + O₂ → H₂O

ii) Balanced chemical equation: 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

iii) Theoretical mole ration of the reactants: 2 moles H₂ : 1 mol O₂

iv) Covert 100 g of H₂ into number of moles

n = 100g / 2g/mol = 50 mol of H₂

v) Convert 100 g of O₂ to moles: 

n = 100 g / 32 g/mol = 3.125 mol

vi) Actual ratio: 50 mol H₂ / 3.125 mol O₂

vii) Compare the two ratios:

2 mol H₂ / 1 mol O ₂ < 50 mol H₂ / 3.125 mol O₂

Conclusion: the actual ratio of H₂ to O₂ is greater than the theoretical ratio, meaning that the H₂ is in excess respect to the O₂. And that means that O₂ will be consumed completely while some H₂ will remain without react.

Therefore, the O₂ is the limiting reactant in this example.

7 0
3 years ago
A piece of sodium metal can be described as?
vlada-n [284]

Answer:

A piece of sodium metal can be described as a pure substance and an element. ... Sodium is a soft, waxy, silvery, highly reactive metal. Sodium belongs to group 1 of the periodic table and it is highly abundant in the earth's crust. Sodium can also be found in various minerals such as rock salt, feldspars and sodalite.

Explanation:

here is short description that will help u 2 understand more

Thx

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Other questions:
  • How many grams of O2(g) are needed to completely burn 94.4 g of C3H8(g)?
    6·1 answer
  • Which ion has the largest ionic radius?<br> a.cl<br> b.cl-<br> c.na<br> d.na+?
    14·1 answer
  • The emission spectrum of hydrogen shows discrete, bright, colored lines. Which characteristic of the Bohr model is best supporte
    13·2 answers
  • Which of the following statements about gases is false?
    12·1 answer
  • If an object is in motion is it passing through the air,moving along the ground, or both
    5·1 answer
  • How is power generated in a tidal power plant.
    13·1 answer
  • Water can be made to boil at 105 degrees Celsius instead of 100 degrees Celsius by
    8·1 answer
  • I can't leave till I answer please help!!​
    9·2 answers
  • How does SI help scientists in different<br> parts of the world?
    7·1 answer
  • When the sun runs out of hydrogen in its core, it will become larger and more luminous because:.
    10·2 answers
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!