Answer:
- Nitrogen has four pairs of electrons: 3 bonds and 1 lone pair in the valence shell;
- Electrons repel one another based on the VSEPR theory;
- Nitrogen has a total of 7 protons (its atomic number is 7) in its nucleus.
Explanation:
The shape and the bond orientation of molecules and ions are both explained by the valences shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR).
Ammonia, 
, is a molecule which contains three N-H bonds, as well as one lone pair on nitrogen. According to the VSEPR theory, molecules try to acquire a shape which would minimize the repulsion exhibited by the electron clouds present, that is, between the bonding (shared in a bond) and non-bonding (lone pair) electrons.
In VSEPR, our main step is to calculate the steric number, this is the sum of the number of bonds (ignoring the multiplicity of any bond) and the lone pairs on a central atom. In ammonia, we have 3 bonds and 1 lone pair, totaling to a steric number of 4. A steric number of 4 without any lone pairs on a central atom and just bonds would yield a tetrahedral shape with bond angles of 
.
Now, in this case, since we have a lone pair instead of a bond, it is repelling stronger decreasing the bond angles to about 
.
The greater the number of lone pairs, the lower the angle becomes.
To summarize:
- Nitrogen has four pairs of electrons: 3 bonds and 1 lone pair in the valence shell;
- Electrons repel one another based on the VSEPR theory;
- Nitrogen has a total of 7 protons (its atomic number is 7) in its nucleus.
Element M reacts with fluorine to form an ionic compound with the formula MF₄. The M cation has 18 electrons. Element M is Sn.
<h3>What is Ionic Compound ?</h3>
An ionic compound is defined as the compound made up of ions that formed charge particles when an atom loses or gains electrons.
<h3>What is Cation ?</h3>
Cations are positively charged ions. It forms when an element lose one or more electrons.
The cation which has 18 electrons is Sn. Sn react with fluorine to form an ionic compound with the formula SnF₄ because Sn is large and F is very small in size.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Element M reacts with fluorine to form an ionic compound with the formula MF₄. The M cation has 18 electrons. Element M is Sn.
Learn more about the Ionic Compound here: brainly.com/question/2687188
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Answer:
Column 17 halogens
Explanation:
To answer the question we need to know the following;
What are valence electrons?
- Valence electrons are outermost electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom of any element.
What are halogens?
- Halogens are group 7 elements that have seven valence electrons. They include, chlorine, fluorine, iodine, etc
What is the reactivity of halogens?
- Halogens are the most reactive non-metals in the periodic table. They react by gaining one electron to attain a stable configuration.
The correct answer would be equation 4, because there are 4 Hydrogens and 2 Oxygens on each side of the equation making it balanced.
