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Leviafan [203]
3 years ago
13

Explain the following statement: In a windowless proportional counter, the output pulse height from an alpha particle source wil

l increase with increasing alpha energy whereas for beta particles the opposite is true.
Engineering
1 answer:
-BARSIC- [3]3 years ago
5 0

Answer / Explanation:

Regarding α and β Particles in Windowless Counter, the range of α particles is lower than β particles. Alpha particles typically have range less than the dimensions of the gas chamber so that proportional  counters are able to easily record. Hence,  with almost 100% efficiency, each particle which enters the so called active volume.

Then, since the pulse height spectra depends on the number of ion pairs which have formed,  an aplha particle with higher energy creates more ion pairs in the chamber.  However, beta particle range usually exceeds the dimensions of the chamber and therefore  most of the betas hit the walls where they deposit energy. Then, fewer ion pairs are formed  because very few β’s give their energy to the bulk gas.

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An array of electronic chips is mounted within a sealedrectangular enclosure, and colling is implemented by attaching analuminum
Licemer1 [7]

Answer:

Base temperature is 46.23 °C

Explanation:

I've attached explanations

6 0
3 years ago
A double-pane insulated window consists of two 1 cm thick pieces of glass separated by a 1.8 cm layer of air. The window measure
Elanso [62]

Answer:

(b). T = 22.55 ⁰C

(c). q = 557.8 W

Explanation:

we take follow a step by step process to solving this problem.

from the question, we have that

The two glass pieces is separated by a 1.8 cm distance layer of air.

the thickness of glass piece is 1 cm

width = 4 m

the height = 3 m

(a). the sketch of the thermal circuit is uploaded in the picture below.

(b).  the thermal resistance due to the conduction in the first glass plane is given thus;

R₁ = Lg / Kg A ................(1)

given that Kg rep. the thermal conductivity of the glass plane

A = conduction surface area

Lg = Thickness of glass plane4

taking the thermal conductivity of glass plane as Kg = 0.78 w/mk

inputting values into equation (1) we have,

R₁ = [1 (cm) ˣ 1 (m)/100 (cm)] / [(0.78 w/mk)(4m ˣ 3m)]

R₁ = 1.068 ˣ 10 ⁻³ k/w

Being that we have same thermal resistance in the first and second plane,

therefore R₁ = R₃ = 1.068 ˣ 10 ⁻³ k/w

⇒ Also the thermal resistance between air and glass as a result of the conduction by the layer is given thus

R₂ = La/KaA .....................(2)

given Ka = thermal conductivity of air

A = surface area

La = thickness of air

substituting values into the equation we have

R₂ = [1.8 (cm) ˣ 1 (m)/100 (cm)] / [(0.0262 w/mk)(4m ˣ 3m)]

R₂ = 5.73 ˣ 10⁻² k/w

Given the thermal resistance on the outer surface due to convection, we have

R₄ = 1/hA

inputting value gives R₄ = 1 / (12 w/m² ˣ 12m) = 6.94 ˣ 10⁻³k/w

R₄ = 6.94 ˣ 10⁻³k/w

Finally the sum total of thermal resistance = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ + R₄

R-total = 0.0663 kw

From this we can calculate the rate of heat loss

using  q = Ti - To / R-total ..............(3)

given Ti and To is the inside and outside temperature i.e. 27⁰C and -10⁰C

from equation (3),

q = 27- (-10) / 0.0063 = 557.8 W

q = 557.8 W  

⇒ Applying the heat transfer formula for inside surface glass temperature gives;

q = Ti - T₂ / R₃ + R₄

T₂ = Ti - q (R₃ + R₄)

T₂ = 27 - 557.8 (1.068ˣ10⁻³ + 6.94ˣ10⁻³ ) = 22.55°C

T₂ = 22.55°C

cheers i hope this helps

8 0
3 years ago
Which one is suitable for industries petrol engine or diesel engine and why?
klio [65]

Answer:

diesel engine

Explanation:

because diesel is stronger than petrol

3 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
When CO2 rises, temperature rises. Why do you think this is?
icang [17]

Answer:

The warming causes the oceans to release CO2. The CO2 amplifies the warming and mixes through the atmosphere, spreading warming throughout the planet. So CO2 causes warming AND rising temperature causes CO2 rise. Overall, about 90% of the global warming occurs after the CO2 increase.

Explanation:

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What 2 forces move the secondary piston ahead?
jekas [21]

Answer:

The primary piston activates one of the two subsystems. The hydraulic pressure created, and the force of the primary piston spring, moves the secondary piston forward.

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3 years ago
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