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Leviafan [203]
3 years ago
13

Explain the following statement: In a windowless proportional counter, the output pulse height from an alpha particle source wil

l increase with increasing alpha energy whereas for beta particles the opposite is true.
Engineering
1 answer:
-BARSIC- [3]3 years ago
5 0

Answer / Explanation:

Regarding α and β Particles in Windowless Counter, the range of α particles is lower than β particles. Alpha particles typically have range less than the dimensions of the gas chamber so that proportional  counters are able to easily record. Hence,  with almost 100% efficiency, each particle which enters the so called active volume.

Then, since the pulse height spectra depends on the number of ion pairs which have formed,  an aplha particle with higher energy creates more ion pairs in the chamber.  However, beta particle range usually exceeds the dimensions of the chamber and therefore  most of the betas hit the walls where they deposit energy. Then, fewer ion pairs are formed  because very few β’s give their energy to the bulk gas.

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In normal operation, a paper mill generates excess steam at 20 bar and 400◦C. It is planned to use this steam as the feed to a t
Keith_Richards [23]

Answer:

The maximum power that can be generated is 127.788 kW

Explanation:

Using the steam table

Enthalpy at 20 bar = 2799 kJ/kg

Enthalpy at 2 bar = 2707 kJ/kg

Change in enthalpy = 2799 - 2707 = 92 kJ/kg

Mass flow rate of steam = 5000 kg/hr = 5000 kJ/hr × 1 hr/3600 s = 1.389 kg/s

Maximum power generated = change in enthalpy × mass flow rate = 92 kJ/kg × 1.389 kg/s = 127.788 kJ/s = 127.788 kW

6 0
3 years ago
What does STP and NTP stands for in temperature measurement?
Lisa [10]

STP stands for standard temperature pressure and NTP stands for normal temperature pressure

8 0
3 years ago
A solid circular rod that is 600 mm long and 20 mm in diameter is subjected to an axial force of P = 50 kN The elongation of the
Kay [80]

Answer:

a) V = 0.354

b)  G = 25.34 GPA

Explanation:

Solution:

We first determine Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of rigidity

Elongation of rod ΔL = 1.4 mm

Normal stress, δ = P/A

Where P = Force acting on the cross-section

A = Area of the cross-section

Using Area, A = π/4 · d²

= π/4 · (0.0020)²  = 3.14 × 10⁻⁴m²

δ = 50/3.14 × 10⁻⁴    = 159.155 MPA

E(long) = Δl/l  = 1.4/600 = 2.33 × 10⁻³mm/mm

Modulus of Elasticity Е = δ/ε

= 159.155 × 10⁶/2.33 × 10⁻³    = 68.306 GPA

Also final diameter d(f) = 19.9837 mm

Initial diameter d(i) = 20 mm

Poisson said that V = Е(elasticity)/Е(long)

= -  <u>( 19.9837 - 20 /20)</u>

        2.33 × 10⁻³                  

= 0.354,

∴ v = 0.354

Also G = Е/2. (1+V)

=  68.306 × 10⁹/ 2.(1+ 0.354)

= 25.34 GPA

⇒ G = 25.34 GPA

5 0
3 years ago
The minimum safe working distance from exposed electrical conductors
SVEN [57.7K]

Answer:

b

Explanation:

4 0
3 years ago
Briefly discuss if it would be better to operate with pumps in parallel or series and how your answer would change as the steepn
Aleksandr [31]

Answer:

1) In series, the combined head will move from point 1 to point 2 in theory. However, practically speaking, the combined head and flow rate will move along the system curve to point 3.

2) In parallel, the combined head and volume flow will move along the system curve from point 1 to point 3.

Explanation:

1) Pump in series:

When two or more pumps are connected in series, their resulting pump performance curve will be obtained by adding their respective heads at the same flow rate as shown in the first diagram attached.

In the first diagram, we have 3 curves namely:

- system curve

- single pump curve

- 2 pump in series curve

Also, we have points labeled 1, 2 and 3.

- Point 1 represents the point that the system operates with one pump running.

- Point 2 represents the point where the head of two identical pumps connected in series is twice the head of a single pump flowing at the same rate.

- Point 3 is the point where the system is operating when both pumps are running.

Now, since the flowrate is constant, the combined head will move from point 1 to point 2 in theory. However, practically speaking, the combined head and flow rate will move along the system curve to point 3.

2) Pump in parallel:

When two or more pumps are connected in parallel, their resulting pump performance curve will be obtained by adding their respective flow rates at same head as shown in the second diagram attached.

In the second diagram, we have 3 curves namely:

- system curve

- single pump curve

- 2 pump in series curve

Also, we have points labeled 1, 2 and 3

- Point 1 represents the point that the system operates with one pump running.

- Point 2 represents the point where the flow rate of two identical pumps connected in series is twice the flow rate of a single pump.

- Point 3 is the point where the system is operating when both pumps are running.

In this case, the combined head and volume flow will move along the system curve from point 1 to point 3.

5 0
2 years ago
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