Answer:
The force is 
Explanation:
The diagram for this question is shown on the first uploaded image
At Equilibrium the summation of the of force on the vertical axis is zero
i.e 
=> 
is the is the speed of water at the nozzle which can be mathematically evaluated as

substituting
for R and
for


is the is the speed of water at the pipe which can be mathematically evaluated as

substituting
for R and
for


is he density of water with value 
Substituting values into the equation above


At Equilibrium the summation of the of force on the horizontal axis is zero
i.e 
=> 
Since The speed at both A and B nozzle are the same then
remains the same
Substituting values

=> 
Hence the force acting on the flange bolts required to hold the nozzle in place is



Answer: D. The elements have the same number of valence electrons
Explanation: The chemical reactivity of elements is governed by the valence electrons present in the element.
The elements present in the same group or vertical column have similar valence configurations and thus behave similarly in chemical reactions or have similar bonding properties.
For Example: Both fluorine and chlorine belong to same family or group and both have 7 electrons in their valence shell and thus accept single electron to attain noble gas configuration.




thus both would bond with a cation bearing a single positive charge.
The middle or centre of the Earth is the core. However the middle of the layers from the surface to the centre of the Earth is known as mantle.
Answer:
The correct answer is Option A.