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3 years ago

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Determine the pH of the following base solutions. (Assume that all solutions are at 25°C and the ion-product constant of water,

Kw, is 1.01 ✕ 10−14.) (a) 1.39 ✕ 10−2 M NaOH WebAssign will check your answer for the correct number of significant figures. (b) 0.0051 M Al(OH)3 WebAssign will check your answer for the correct number of significant figures.

1 answer:

alexira [117]3 years ago

6 0

Answer:

a) The pH of the solution is 12.13.

b) The pH of the solution is 12.17.

Explanation:

Ionic product of water = $K_w=1.01\times 10^-{14}$

$K_w=[H^+][OH^-]$

$1.01\times 10^-{14}=[H^+][OH^-]$

Taking negative logarithm on both sides:

$-\log[1.01\times 10^-{14}]=(-\log [H^+])+(-\log [OH^-])$

The pH is the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration in solution.

The pOH is the negative logarithm of hydroxide ion concentration in solution.

$13.99=pH+pOH$

a) $1.39\times 10^{-2} M$ of NaOH.

Concentration of hydroxide ions:

$NaOH(aq)\rightarrow Na^+(aq)+OH^-(aq)$

So, $[OH^-]=1\times [NaOH]=1\times 1.39\times 10^{-2} M=1.39\times 10^{-2} M$

$pOH=-\log[1.39\times 10^{-2} M]=1.86$

$13.99=pH+pOH$

$13.99=pH+1.86$

pH=13.99-1.86=12.13

b) $0.0051 M$ of NaOH.

Concentration of hydroxide ions:

$Al(OH)_3(aq)\rightarrow Al^{3+}(aq)+3OH^-(aq)$

So, $[OH^-]=3\times [Al(OH)_3]=3\times 0.0051 M=0.0153 M$

$pOH=-\log[0.0153 M]=1.82$

$13.99=pH+pOH$

$13.99=pH+1.82$

pH=13.99-1.82=12.17

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damaskus [11]

When the reaction equation is:

HF ↔ H+ + F-

and when the Ka expression
= concentration of products/concentration of reactions

so, Ka = [H+][F-]/[HF]

when we assume:

[H+] = [F-] = X

and [HF] = 0.35 - X

So, by substitution:

6.8 x 10^-4 = X^2 / (0.35 - X) by solving for X

∴ X = 0.015 M

∴[H+] = X = 0.015

when PH = -㏒[H+]

∴PH = -㏒0.015

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3 years ago

What volume of 0.307 m naoh must be added to 200.0ml of 0.425m acetic acid (ka = 1.75 x 10-5 ) to produce a buffer of ph = 4.250

Blababa [14]

The buffer solution target has a pH value smaller than that of pKw (i.e., pH < 7.) The solution is therefore acidic. It contains significantly more protons $\text{H}^{+}$ than hydroxide ions $\text{OH}^{-}$ . The equilibrium equation shall thus contain protons rather than a combination of water and hydroxide ions as the reacting species.

Assuming that $x \; \text{L}$ of the 0.307 $\text{mol} \cdot \text{dm}^{-3}$ sodium hydroxide solution was added to the acetic acid. Based on previous reasoning, $x$ is sufficiently small that acetic acid was in excess, and no hydroxide ion has yet been produced in the solution. The solution would thus contain $0.2000 \times 0.425 - 0.307 \; x = 0.085 - 0.307 \; x$ moles of acetic acid and $0.307 \; x$ moles of acetate ions.

Let $\text{HAc}$ denotes an acetic acid molecule and $\text{Ac}^{-}$ denotes an acetate ion. The RICE table below resembles the hydrolysis equilibrium going on within the buffer solution.

$\begin{array}{lccccc}\text{R} & \text{HAc} & \leftrightharpoons & \text{H}^{+} & + & \text{Ac}^{-}\\\text{I} & 0.085 - 0.307 \; x& & 0 & & 0.307 \; x\\\end{array}$

The buffer shall have a pH of 4.250, meaning that it shall have an equilibrium proton concentration of $10^{4.250}\; \text{mol}\cdot \text{dm}^{-3}$ . There were no proton in the buffer solution before the hydrolysis of acetic acid. Therefore the table shall have an increase of $10^{-4.250}\;\text{mol}\cdot \text{dm}^{-3}$ in proton concentration in the third row. Atoms conserve. Thus the concentration increase of protons by $10^{-4.250}\;\text{mol}\cdot \text{dm}^{-3}$ would correspond to a decrease in acetic acid concentration and an increase in acetate ion concentration by the same amount. That is:

$\begin{array}{lcccccc}\text{R} & \text{HAc} & \leftrightharpoons & \text{H}^{+} & + & \text{Ac}^{-}\\\text{I} & 0.085 - 0.307 \; x& & 0 & & 0.307 \; x\\\text{C} & - 10^{-4.250} & & +10^{-4.250} & & +10^{-4.250} \\\text{E} & 0.085 - 10^{-4.250} - 0.307 \; x& & 10^{-4.250} & & 10^{-4.250} + 0.307 \; x\end{array}$

By definition:

$\text{K}_{a} = [\text{H}^{+}] \cdot [\text{Ac}^{-}] / [\text{HAc}]\\\phantom{\text{K}_{a}} = 10^{-4.250} \times (10^{-4.250} + 0.307 \; x) / (0.085 - 10^{-4.250} - 0.307 \; x)$

The question states that

$\text{K}_{a} = 1.75 \times 10^{-5}$

such that

$10^{-4.250} \times (10^{-4.250} + 0.307 \; x) / (0.085 - 10^{-4.250} - 0.307 \; x) = 1.75 \times 10^{-5}\\6.16 \times 10^{-5} \; x = 1.48 \times 10^{-6}\\x = 0.0241$

Thus it takes $0.0241 \; \text{L}$ of sodium hydroxide to produce this buffer solution.

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3 years ago

The activation energy of a certain uncatalyzed biochemical reaction is 50.0 kJ/mol. In the presence of a catalyst at 37°C, the r

rodikova [14]

Answer:

E₁ ≅ 28.96 kJ/mol

Explanation:

Given that:

The activation energy of a certain uncatalyzed biochemical reaction is 50.0 kJ/mol,

Let the activation energy for a catalyzed biochemical reaction = E₁

E₁ = ??? (unknown)

Let the activation energy for an uncatalyzed biochemical reaction = E₂

E₂ = 50.0 kJ/mol

= 50,000 J/mol

Temperature (T) = 37°C

= (37+273.15)K

= 310.15K

Rate constant (R) = 8.314 J/mol/k

Also, let the constant rate for the catalyzed biochemical reaction = K₁

let the constant rate for the uncatalyzed biochemical reaction = K₂

If the rate constant for the reaction increases by a factor of 3.50 × 10³ as compared with the uncatalyzed reaction, That implies that:

K₁ = 3.50 × 10³

K₂ = 1

Now, to calculate the activation energy for the catalyzed reaction going by the following above parameter;

we can use the formula for Arrhenius equation;

$K=Ae^{\frac{-E}{RT}}$

If $K_1=Ae^{\frac{-E_1}{RT}} -------equation 1$ &

$K_2=Ae^{\frac{-E_2}{RT}} -------equation 2$

$\frac{K_1}{K_2} = e^{\frac{-E_1-E_2}{RT}$

$E_1= E_2-RT*In(\frac{K_1}{K_2})$

$E_1= 50,000-8.314*310.15*In(\frac{3.50*10^3}{1})$

$E_1 = 28957.39292$ $J/mol$

E₁ ≅ 28.96 kJ/mol

∴ the activation energy for a catalyzed biochemical reaction (E₁) = 28.96 kJ/mol

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