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dlinn [17]
3 years ago
11

Careful measurements have been made of Olympic sprinters in the 100-meter dash. A quite realistic model is that the sprinter's v

elocity is given by
v
x
=
a
(
1
−
e
b
t
)
where t is in s,
v
x
is in m/s, and the constants a and b are characteristic of the sprinter. Sprinter Carl Lewis's run at the 1987 World Championships is modeled with a = 11.81 m/s and b = 0.6887 s
−
1
.

a. What was Lewis's acceleration at t = 0 s, 2.00 s, and 4.00 s?

b. Find an expression for the distance traveled at time t.

c. Your expression from part b is a transcendental equation, meaning that you can't solve it for t. However, it's not hard to use trial and error to find the time needed to travel a specific distance. To the nearest 0.01 s, find the time Lewis needed to sprint 100.0 m.
Physics
1 answer:
mihalych1998 [28]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

a.

\displaystyle a(0 )=8.133\ m/s^2

\displaystyle a(2)=2.05\ m/s^2

\displaystyle a(4)=0.52\ m/s^2

b.\displaystyle X(t)=11.81(t+1.45\ e^{-0.6887t})-17.15

c. t=9.9 \ sec

Explanation:

Modeling With Functions

Careful measurements have produced a model of one sprinter's velocity at a given t, and it's is given by

\displaystyle V(t)=a(1-e^{bt})

For Carl Lewis's run at the 1987 World Championships, the values of a and b are

\displaystyle a=11.81\ ,\ b=-0.6887

Please note we changed the value of b to negative to make the model have sense. Thus, the equation for the velocity is

\displaystyle V(t)=11.81(1-e^{-0.6887t})

a. What was Lewis's acceleration at t = 0 s, 2.00 s, and 4.00 s?

To compute the accelerations, we must find the function for a as the derivative of v

\displaystyle a(t)=\frac{dv}{dt}=11.81(0.6887\ e^{0.6887t})

\displaystyle a(t)=8.133547\ e^{-0.6887t}

For t=0

\displaystyle a(0)=8.133547\ e^o

\displaystyle a(0 )=8.133\ m/s^2

For t=2

\displaystyle a(2)=8.133547\ e^{-0.6887\times 2}

\displaystyle a(2)=2.05\ m/s^2

\displaystyle a(4)=8.133547\ e^{-0.6887\times 4}

\displaystyle a(4)=0.52\ m/s^2

b. Find an expression for the distance traveled at time t.

The distance is the integral of the velocity, thus

\displaystyle X(t)=\int v(t)dt \int 11.81(1-e^{-0.6887t})dt=11.81(t+\frac{e^{-0.6887t}}{0.6887})+C

\displaystyle X(t)=11.81(t+1.45201\ e^{-0.6887t})+C

To find the value of C, we set X(0)=0, the sprinter starts from the origin of coordinates

\displaystyle x(0)=0=>11.81\times1.45201+C=0

Solving for C

\displaystyle c=-17.1482\approx -17.15

Now we complete the equation for the distance

\displaystyle X(t)=11.81(t+1.45\ e^{-0.6887t})-17.15

c. Find the time Lewis needed to sprint 100.0 m.

The equation for the distance cannot be solved by algebraic procedures, but we can use approximations until we find a close value.

We are required to find the time at which the distance is 100 m, thus

\displaystyle X(t)=100=>11.81(t+1.45\ e^{-0.6887t})-17.15=100

Rearranging

\displaystyle t+1.45\ e^{-0.6887t}=9.92

We define an auxiliary function f(t) to help us find the value of t.

\displaystyle f(t)=t+1.45\ e^{-0.687t}-9.92

Let's try for t=9 sec

\displaystyle f(9)=9+1.45\ e^{-0.687\times 9}-9.92=-0.92

Now with t=9.9 sec

\displaystyle f(9.9)=9.9+1.45\ e^{-0.687\times 9.9}-9.92=-0.0184

That was a real close guess. One more to be sure for t=10 sec

\displaystyle f(10)=10+1.45\ e^{-0.687\times 10}-9.92=0.081

The change of sign tells us we are close enough to the solution. We choose the time that produces a smaller magnitude for f(t).  

At t\approx 9.9\ sec, \text{ Lewis sprinted 100 m}

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Part b)

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Explanation:

Part a)

While bucket is falling downwards we have force equation of the bucket given as

mg - T = ma

for uniform cylinder we will have

TR = I\alpha

so we have

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now we have

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T = \frac{12 \times 7}{2}

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Part b)

speed of the bucket can be found using kinematics

so we have

v_f^2 - v_i^2 = 2 a d

v_f^2 - 0 = 2(7)(10)

v_f = 11.8 m/s

Part c)

now in order to find the time of fall we can use another equation

v_f - v_i = at

11.8 - 0 = 7 t

t = 1.7 s

Part d)

as we know that cylinder is at rest and not moving downwards

so here we can use force balance

F = T + Mg

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F = 159.7 N

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