To determine the upper bond
Ec(u) = EmVm + EpVp
Em is the elastic modulus of cobalt.
E₁ is the elastic modulus of the particulate
Vm is the volume fraction of cobalt
Vp is the volume fraction of particulate
substitute
Ec(u) = 200 (Vm) + 700 (Vp)
To determine the lower bound
Ec (l) = EmEp/VmEp+ VpEm
Substitute
Ec (l) = 200(700)/Vm(700) + Vp (200)
Ec (l) = 1400/7Vm+2Vp
Answer:
B) irreversible process
Explanation:
The process given here is irreversible.
The high surface tension helps the paper clip - with much higher density - float on the water. The property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of its molecules.
Basically it means that there is a sort of skin on the surface of water where the water molecules hold on tight together. If the conditions are right, they can hold tight enough to support your paper clip. The paperclip is not truly floating, it is being held up by the surface tension.
