HCl is a strong acid and so dissociates fully in water:
HCl(aq) --> H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Since there is a 1:1 mole ratio between HCl and H+ in this reaction, the number of moles of H+ = number of moles of HCl. The number of moles of HCl can be calculated as moles = mass/RMM = 0.80g / 36.5g/mol = 0.022mol.
Since 5.5 l of solution is made, the concentration of H+ is:
[H+] = 0.022mol / 5.5l = 0.004M. This can then be used to calculate pH through the equation pH = -log[H+] = -log(0.004) = 2.40
How does one determine the identity and structure of an unknown compound? This is not a trivial task. Modern x-ray and spectroscopic techniques have made the job much easier, but for some very complex molecules, identification and structure determination remains a challenge. In addition to spectroscopic information and information obtained from other instrumental methods, chemical reactions can provide useful structural information, and physical properties can contribute significantly to confirming the identity of a compound.
In this experiment, you will be asked to identify an unknown liquid, which will be either an alcohol, aldehyde, or ketone. Identification will be accomplished by carrying out chemical tests, called classification tests, preparing a solid derivative of the unknown and determining its melting point (MP), making careful observations, and analyzing the NMR spectrum of the unknown.
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Ionic bonds are formed when one of the two atoms that are reacting has excess electrons and transfer the electrons to the atom that is deficient in electrons. During the formation of the ionic bond, one of the reacting atoms will donate electrons and form positive ion.
