<span>Hydrogen can be obtained economically as a byproduct in the electrolysis of "brine".
</span>
A solution of sodium chloride (NaCl)and water (H2O) refers to the brine.The procedure of electrolysis includes utilizing an electric current to achieve a synthetic change and make new chemicals. The electrolysis of brine is a huge scale process used to make chlorine from salt, so three important chemicals, NaOH, Cl2, H2, can be gotten by electrolyzing brine.
B. Mn + NiBr₂ → Ni + MnBr₂
Explanation:
The reaction that can be predicted of all is Mn + NiBr₂ → Ni + MnBr₂.
The activity series is used to predict the products of single displacement reactions.
The series ranks metals in order of their reactivity. Those higher up in the series are highly reactive metals. Those at the bottom are slightly to non-reactive metals.
For a single displacement reaction to occur, a metal higher up in the activity series displaces one that is lower in the series.
Reaction A will not occur, Ba is higher in the series
Reaction C will not occur, Pt and Au are unreactive
Reaction D will not occur as Zn is lower in the series
Mn is higher in the reactivity series and it will displace Ni from the solution.
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Reaction equation:
Al(OH)₃ + 3HCl → AlCl₃ + 3H₂O
Moles of Al(OH)₃:
moles = mass/Mr
= 1.51 / (27 + 17 x 3)
= 0.019
Molar ratio Al(OH)₃ : HCl = 1 : 3
Moles of HCl required = 0.019 x 3
=0.057
concentration = moles/volume
volume = 0.057 / 0.1
= 0.57 dm³
= 570 ml
In preparing diluted solutions from concentrated solutions we can use the following formula
c1v1 = c2v2
c1 and v1 are the concentration and volume of the concentrated solution respectively
c2 and v2 are the concentrations and volume of the diluted solution respectively
Substituting these values ,
20 mL x 1.0 M = C x 60 mL
C = 0.33 M
The concentration of the resulting diluted solutions is 0.33 M


- <u>We </u><u>have </u><u>250g </u><u>of </u><u>liquid </u><u>water </u><u>and </u><u>it </u><u>needs </u><u>to </u><u>be </u><u>cool </u><u>at </u><u>temperature </u><u>from </u><u>1</u><u>0</u><u>0</u><u>°</u><u> </u><u>C </u><u>to </u><u>0</u><u>°</u><u> </u><u>C</u>
- <u>Specific </u><u>heat </u><u>of </u><u>water </u><u>is </u><u>4</u><u>.</u><u>1</u><u>8</u><u>0</u><u>J</u><u>/</u><u>g</u><u>°</u><u>C</u>

- <u>We </u><u>have </u><u>to </u><u>find </u><u>the</u><u> </u><u>total</u><u> </u><u>number </u><u>of </u><u>joules </u><u>released</u><u>. </u>

<u>We </u><u>know </u><u>that</u><u>, </u>
Amount of heat energy = mass * specific heat * change in temperature
<u>That </u><u>is, </u>

<u>Subsitute </u><u>the </u><u>required </u><u>values </u><u>in </u><u>the </u><u>above </u><u>formula </u><u>:</u><u>-</u>




Hence, 104,500 J of heat is released to cool 250 grams of liquid water from 100° C to 0° C.

<u>We </u><u>have </u><u>to </u><u>tell </u><u>whether </u><u>the </u><u>above </u><u>process </u><u>is </u><u>endothermic </u><u>or </u><u>exothermic </u><u>:</u><u>-</u>
Here, In the above process ΔT is negative and as a result of it Q is also negative that means above process is Exothermic
- <u>Exothermic </u><u>process </u><u>:</u><u>-</u><u> </u><u>It </u><u>is </u><u>the </u><u>process </u><u>in </u><u>which </u><u>heat </u><u>is </u><u>evolved </u><u>. </u>
- <u>Endothermic </u><u>process </u><u>:</u><u>-</u><u> </u><u>It </u><u>is </u><u>the </u><u>process </u><u>in </u><u>which </u><u>heat </u><u>is </u><u>absorbed </u><u>.</u>