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Ymorist [56]
3 years ago
14

State briefly the similarities and differences between the theories of Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry

Chemistry
1 answer:
ludmilkaskok [199]3 years ago
4 0
My answer to the question above is not the best example but I hope it will help you. <span>The Arrhenius model says that acids always contain H+ and that bases always contain OH-. </span>
<span>The Bronsted-Lowry model thinks of acids as being proton donors and proton acceptors, so bases no longer need to contain OH-, and acids donate a proton to water forming H3O+. </span>
<span>Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors, and Lewis bases are electron pair donors. For instance, H+ + OH- => H20. H+ has no electrons, so when it bonds to the Oxygen, it gains an electron pair. OH- "loses" an electron pair.</span>
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Cu(s) + 4 HNO3 (aq) --&gt; Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NO2 (g) + 2H2O(l)
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Answer:

The percent by mass of copper in the mixture was 32%

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The ammount of HNO₃ used is:

mol HNO₃ = volume * concentration

mol HNO₃ = 0.015 l * 15.8 mol/l

mol HNO₃ = 0.237 mol

According to the reaction, 4 mol HNO₃ will react with 1 mol Cu and produce 1 mol Cu²⁺. Since we have 0.237 mol HNO₃, the amount of Cu that could react would be (0.237 mol HNO₃ * 1 mol Cu / 4 mol HNO₃) 0.06 mol. This reaction would produce 0.060 mol Cu²⁺, however, only 0.010 mol Cu²⁺ were obtained, indicating that only 0.010 mol Cu were present in the mixture. This means that the acid was in excess, so we can assume that all copper present in the mixture has reacted.

Since 0.010 mol of Cu²⁺ were produced, the amount of Cu was 0.01 mol.

1 mol of Cu has a mass of 63.5 g, then 0.01 mol has a mass of:

0.01 mol Cu * 63.5 g / 1 mol = 0.635 g.

Since this amount was present in 2.00 g mixture, the amount of copper in 100 g of the mixture will be:

100 g(mixture) * 0.635 g Cu / 2 g(mixture) = 32 g

Then, the percent by mass of Cu (which is the mass of Cu in 100 g mixture) is 32%

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3 years ago
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