Alkaline metal-group 1
Alkaline earth metals-group 2
halogens=group 7
noble gases-group 8 or o
transition metals are the actinides and the lactanides below the periodic table
The valence part is referring to the outer most ring of electrons. Carbon only has four on the 'valence' or outer most ring helping it to form bonds with other things. I hope this helps!! Good Luck!!! :)
