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inessss [21]
3 years ago
14

a) What is the common-ion effect?b) Given an example of a salt that can decrease the ionization of HNO2 in solution. List all of

the substances (species) that would be present in the solution. (Consider the HNO2, the salt, and the water.)
Chemistry
1 answer:
slega [8]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Common ion effect refers to the decrease in the solubility of a substance in a solution with which it shares a common ion.

NaNO2

Explanation:

In order to understand exactly what common ion effect is, let us consider a simple unambiguous example. Assuming I have a solution of an ionic substance that contains a cation A and an anion B, this ionic substance has chemical formula AB. Secondly, I have another ionic distance with cation C and anion B, its chemical formula is CB. Both CB and AB are soluble in water to a certain degree as shown by their respective KSp.

If I dissolve AB in water and form a solution, subsequently, I add solid CB to this solution, the solubility of CB in this solution is found to be lees than the solubility of CB in pure water because of the ion B^- which is common to both substances in solution. We refer to the phenomenon described above as common ion effect.

Common ion effect refers to the decrease in the solubility of a substance in a solution with which it shares a common ion.

If I try to dissolve NaNO2 in a solution of HNO2, the solubility of NaNO2 in the HNO2 solution will be less than its solubility in pure water due to common ion effect. Also, the extent of ionization of HNO2 in a system that already contains NaNO2 will be decreased compared to its extent ionization in pure water. This system described here will contain HNO2, water and NaNO2

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Complete and balance the following acid-base reaction equation ______HNO3 + ______ Mg(OH)2 ------>
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Answer

_2 HNO₃ + 1 Mg(OH)₂ → 1 Mg(NO₃)₂ + 2 H₂O

Explanation

Given:

______HNO3 + Mg(OH)2 ------>

Solution:

Note that the reaction between an acid and a base will give salt and water only.

Hence the complete reaction of the given equation is:

___HNO₃ + Mg(OH)₂ → Mg(NO₃)₂ + H₂O

To get the balanced equation for the acid-base reaction, 2 moles of HNO₃ will react with 1 mole of Mg(OH)₂ to produced 1 mole of Mg(NO₃)₂ and 2 moles of H₂O.

Therefore, the complete and balanced equation for the given acid-base reaction is:

_2 HNO₃ + 1 Mg(OH)₂ → 1 Mg(NO₃)₂ + 2 H₂O

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