In 1905 Albert Einstein had proposed a solution to the problem of observations made on the behaviour of light having characteristics of both wave and particle theory. From work of Plank on emission of light from hot bodies, Einstein suggested that light is composed of tiny particles called <span>photons, </span>and each photon has energy.
Light theory branches in to the physics of <span>quantum mechanics, </span>which was conceptualised in the twentieth century. Quantum mechanics deals with behaviour of nature on the atomic scale or smaller.
As a result of quantum mechanics, this gave the proof of the dual nature of light and therefore not a contradiction.
Gallium metal is heated in oxygen gas, it melts and forms solid gallium(III) oxide.
Ga + O₂⇒ Ga O₂
Balance the atoms with simple - whole coefficients.
4 Ga + 3 O₂ 2 Ga₂O₃.
Specify the states of matter.
4 Ga(s) + 3 O₂ (g) ⇒ 2 Ga₂O₃.(s)
Therefore, balanced equation is----- 4 Ga(s) + 3 O₂ (g) ⇒ 2 Ga₂O₃.(s)
What is the balanced formula equation?
A balanced equation is an equation for a chemical reaction in which the number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge is the same for both the reactants and the products. In other words, the mass and the charge are balanced on both sides of the reaction.
Why are equations balanced?
A balanced equation obeys the Law of Conservation of Mass. This is an important guiding principal in science. Finally, a balanced equation lets up predict the amount of reactants needed and the amount of products formed.
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Percentage by volume of solution is the percentage volume of solute in total volume of solution.
Volume percentage (v/v%) = volume of solute / total volume of solution x 100%
volume of solute - 16.0 mL
total volume of solution - 155 mL
v/v% = 16.0 / 155 x 100% = 10.32%
this means that in a volume of 100 mL solution, 10.32 mL is acetone.
The reactivity of a metal is determined by how tightly the metal holds onto the electrons in the outermost energy levels (valence electrons)
"Silver chloride is essentially insoluble in water" this statement is true for the equilibrium constant for the dissolution of silver chloride.
Option: b
<u>Explanation</u>:
As silver chloride is essentially insoluble in water but also show sparing solubility, its reason is explained through Fajan's rule. Therefore when AgCl added in water, equilibrium take place between undissolved and dissolved ions. While solubility product constant 
for silver chloride is determined by equilibrium concentrations of dissolved ions. But solubility may vary also at different temperatures. Complete solubility is possible in ammonia solution as it form stable complex as water is not good ligand for Ag+.
To calculate firstly molarity of ions are needed to be found with formula: 
Then at equilibrium cations and anions concentration is considered same hence:
![\left[\mathbf{A} \mathbf{g}^{+}\right]=[\mathbf{C} \mathbf{I}]=\text { molarity of ions }](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cleft%5B%5Cmathbf%7BA%7D%20%5Cmathbf%7Bg%7D%5E%7B%2B%7D%5Cright%5D%3D%5B%5Cmathbf%7BC%7D%20%5Cmathbf%7BI%7D%5D%3D%5Ctext%20%7B%20molarity%20of%20ions%20%7D)
Hence from above data can be calculated by: = ![\left[\mathbf{A} \mathbf{g}^{+}\right] \cdot[\mathbf{C} \mathbf{I}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cleft%5B%5Cmathbf%7BA%7D%20%5Cmathbf%7Bg%7D%5E%7B%2B%7D%5Cright%5D%20%5Ccdot%5B%5Cmathbf%7BC%7D%20%5Cmathbf%7BI%7D%5D)
