Answers:
a) 
b) 
Explanation:
This situation is a good example of the projectile motion or parabolic motion, in which the travel of the snowball has two components: <u>x-component</u> and <u>y-component</u>. Being their main equations as follows for both snowballs:
<h3><u>
Snowball 1:</u></h3>
<u>x-component:
</u>
(1)
Where:
is the initial speed of snowball 1 (and snowball 2, as well)
is the angle for snowball 1
is the time since the snowball 1 is thrown until it hits the opponent
<u>y-component:
</u>
(2)
Where:
is the initial height of the snowball 1 (assuming that both people are only on the x axis of the frame of reference, therefore the value of the position in the y-component is zero.)
is the final height of the snowball 1
is the acceleration due gravity (always directed downwards)
<h3><u>
Snowball 2:</u></h3>
<u>x-component:
</u>
(3)
Where:
is the angle for snowball 2
is the time since the snowball 2 is thrown until it hits the opponent
<u>y-component:
</u>
(4)
Having this clear, let's begin with the answers:
<h2>a) Angle for snowball 2</h2>
Firstly, we have to isolate
from (2):
(5)
(6)
Substituting (6) in (1):
(7)
Rewritting (7) and knowing
:
(8)
(9)
(10) This is the point at which snowball 1 hits and snowball 2 should hit, too.
With this in mind, we have to isolate
from (4) and substitute it on (3):
(11)
(12)
Rewritting (12):
(13)
Finding
:
(14)
(15) This is the second angle at which snowball 2 must be thrown. Note this angle is lower than the first angle
.
<h2>b) Time difference between both snowballs</h2>
Now we will find the value of
and
from (6) and (11), respectively:
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
Since snowball 1 was thrown before snowball 2, we have:
(20)
Finding the time difference
between both:
(21)
Finally: