Answer:
I. Solvent-solvent interactions ⇒ B, F
II. Solute-solute interactions ⇒ A, D
III. Solute-solvent interactions ⇒ C, E, G
Explanation:
In the dissolution of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water, the solute is NaCl which in solution is dissociated into its ions (Na⁺ and Cl⁻) and the solvent is water (H₂O) whose molecules are polar and therefore are considered as dipoles.
Solvent-solvent interactions are between water molecules so they are between dipoles (options B and F)
Solute-solute interactions are between NaCl ions in which electrostatic forces are involved. They can be between sodium ions or choride iones (Na⁺-Na⁺, Cl⁻-Cl⁻, repulsive) or between sodium and chloride ions (Na⁺-Cl⁻, attractive) (options A and D).
Solute-solvent interactions are between sodium chloride ions and water molecules, so dipole-ion forces are involved. During dissolution process, solute ions are surrounded by water molecules, which is called hydration. The overall process is exothermic (releases heat) (options C, E and G).
Charles law gives the relationship between volume of gas and temperature.
It states that for a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure, volume of gas is directly proportional to the temperature.
where V - volume and T - temperature and k - constant
where parameters for the first instance are on the left side and parameters for the second instance are on the right side of the equation
T1 - temperature in Kelvin , -206.6 °C + 273.15 = 66.55 K
T2 - 175.9 °C + 273.15 = 449.05 K
substituting the values in the equation
V = 782 mL
the new volume is 782 mL
Answer:
Conduction is the process by which heat energy is transmitted through collisions between neighboring atoms or molecules. ... The fire's heat causes molecules in the pan to vibrate faster, making it hotter. These vibrating molecules collide with their neighboring molecules, making them also vibrate faster.
Explanation:
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Answer:
2a. If the temperature is increased, the reaction will shift to the right in an attempt to release some of the heat. As the forward reaction loses heat while the reverse would create more heat.
2b. If the pressure is increased, it would shift to the left to counteract the increase in pressure as the left side will have fewer molecules.
2c. If Cl2 is added the reaction will shift to the left in order to remove the stress of the extra Cl2 and favor the production of more reactant.
2d. If PCl3 is removed, the reaction will shift to the right. When part of the equation is removed the reaction learns to adapt to the loss by trying to make more Pcl3 and counteract the effects of losing the PCl3.
3a. The reaction will shift to the right to produce more heat and counter the negative effects of losing the heat.
3b. It will shift to the left to get rid of the excess HCl being produced and form more reactant from the breakdown of the HCl.
3c. It would shift to the right in order to get rid of the excess form products from it.
3d. If pressure is decreased there will be no effect on the shift of the reaction because there is an even amount of moles of gas on each side.
4a. K=[N2O4(g0] / [NO2(g)]2
4b. (Below)
K=[N2O4(g)] / [NO2(g)]2
0.4 / 0.5(2)
0.4/0.25 = 1.6
Keq= 1.6
