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choli [55]
3 years ago
8

A block is given an initial velocity up an inclined plane with friction. The block comes to rest before the end of the inclined

plane.
What is the sign of the work done by gravity as the block comes to rest on the inclined plane?
Physics
1 answer:
muminat3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

The sign of the work done by gravity on a block moving up an inclined plane as the block comes to a rest on the inclined plane is **negative**.

Explanation:

Work is given mathematically as (Force).(displacement) = /F/ /d/ cos θ

where /F/ = magnitude of the force

/d/ = d = magnitude of displacement that the force moves through

θ = angle between the force and the displacement

For gravity Force,

Whenever the angle between the force and the displacement is in the range of 0° and 90°, the workdone is positive.

And whenever the angle between the force and the displacement is in the range of 90°+ to 180°. The workdone is negative.

Better explained,

For gravity, the force of gravity acts in the negative y direction, so, force of gravity is always equal to (-mg î).

If an object is falling downwards, then its displacement is in the negative y direction too; - dî.

Work done by gravity on a falling object = (-mgî).(-dî) = + mg d = mgd cos 0° = + mgd (θ = 0°) in this case

Positive work!

And for an object rising upwards, the force of gravity is still in the negative y direction too and is equal to (-mgî). But the displacement is in the positive y direction; that is, +dî

Work done by gravity on a body moving upwards = (-mgî).(dî) = - mgd = mgd cos 180° = - mgd (θ = 180°)

Negative work done!

So, for a body moving up an inclined plane, the vertical displacement is still upwards and in the positive y-direction. So, the analogy of the 2nd gravity explanation works for it.

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Mariulka [41]

Answer:

D ≈ 8.45 m

L ≈ 100.02 m

Explanation:

Given

Q = 350 m³/s (volumetric water flow rate passing through the stretch of channel, maximum capacity of the aqueduct)

y₁ - y₂ = h = 2.00 m (the height difference from the upper to the lower channels)

x = 100.00 m (distance between the upper and the lower channels)

We assume that:

  • the upper and the lower channels are at the same pressure (the atmospheric pressure).
  • the velocity of water in the upper channel is zero (v₁ = 0 m/s).
  • y₁ = 2.00 m  (height of the upper channel)
  • y₂ = 0.00 m  (height of the lower channel)
  • g = 9.81 m/s²
  • ρ = 1000 Kg/m³ (density of water)

We apply Bernoulli's equation as follows between the point 1 (the upper channel) and the point 2 (the lower channel):

P₁ + (ρ*v₁²/2) + ρ*g*y₁ = P₂ + (ρ*v₂²/2) + ρ*g*y₂

Plugging the known values into the equation and simplifying we get

Patm + (1000 Kg/m³*(0 m/s)²/2) + (1000 Kg/m³)*(9.81 m/s²)*(2 m) = Patm + (1000 Kg/m³*v₂²/2) + (1000 Kg/m³)*(9.81 m/s²)*(0 m)

⇒ v₂ = 6.264 m/s

then we apply the formula

Q = v*A  ⇒   A = Q/v ⇒   A = Q/v₂

⇒   A = (350 m³/s)/(6.264 m/s)

⇒   A = 55.873 m²

then, we get the diameter of the pipe as follows

A = π*D²/4   ⇒   D = 2*√(A/π)

⇒   D = 2*√(55.873 m²/π)

⇒   D = 8.434 m ≈ 8.45 m

Now, the length of the pipe can be obtained as follows

L² = x² + h²

⇒ L² = (100.00 m)² + (2.00 m)²

⇒ L ≈ 100.02 m

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Answer:

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