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Pepsi [2]
3 years ago
15

Urea is a common fertilizer with the formula CO(NH2)2 that is sometimes used as a chemical de-icer for icy road surfaces in the

winter months. Adding a solute to a solvent causes the freezing point to be lowered and allows the solvent to remain liquid at lower temperatures. The value of Kf for water is 1.86°C/m, and its normal freezing point is 0.00°C. Urea is a nonvolatile nonelectrolyte solute. What molality of urea is required to lower the freezing point of ice water by 1.13°C?
Chemistry
1 answer:
nordsb [41]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

The answer to your question is  molality = 0.61

Explanation:

Freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid if a solute is added to a solution, the freezing point changes.

Data

Kf = 1.86 °C/m

molality = ?

ΔTc = 1.13°C

Formula

ΔTc = kcm

Solve for m

m = ΔTc/kc

Substitution

m = 1.13 / 1.86

Simplification and result

m = 0.61

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Place the following covalent bonds in order from least to most polar: a. H-Cl b. H-Br c. H-S d. H-C
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                                     C-H < S-H < H-Br < H-Cl


Explanation:

                      Polarity depends on the electronegativity difference between two atoms, greater the electronegativity difference, greater will be the polarity of bond and vice versa.


Electronegativity Difference between Hydrogen and other given elements are as follow,


1) C-H;

               E.N of Carbon     = 2.55

               E.N of Hydrogen = 2.20

                                           ------------

               Difference              0.35


2) S-H;

               E.N of Sulfur       = 2.58

               E.N of Hydrogen = 2.20

                                           ------------

               Difference               0.38


3) H-Br;

               E.N of Bromine   = 2.96

               E.N of Hydrogen = 2.20

                                          -------------

               Difference              0.76


4) H-Cl;

               E.N of Chlorine   = 3.16

               E.N of Hydrogen = 2.20

                                           -----------

               Difference               0.96


Hence it is proved that the greatest electronegativity difference is found between H and Chlorine in H-Cl, therefore it is highly polar bond and vice versa.

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3 years ago
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