Answer:
An ultra intense laser is one with which intensities greater than 1015 W cm-2 can be achieved.
Explanation:
This intensity, which was the upper limit of lasers until the invention of the Chirped Pulse Amplification, CPA technique, is the value around which nonlinear effects on the transport of radiation in materials begin to appear.
Currently, the most powerful lasers reach intensities of the order of 1021W cm-2 and powers of Petawatts, PW, in each pulse. This range of intensities has opened the door for lasers to a multitude of disciplines and scientific areas traditionally reserved for accelerators and nuclear reactors, applying as generators of high-energy electron, ion, neutron and photon beams, without the need for expensive infrastructure.
Answer:
C. Count the atoms in each substance in the reactants and products.
Explanation:
A chemical reaction can be defined as a chemical process which typically involves the transformation or rearrangement of the atomic, ionic or molecular structure of an element through the breakdown and formation of chemical bonds to produce a new compound or substance.
In order for a chemical equation to be balanced, the condition which must be met is that the number of atoms in the reactants equals the number of atoms in the products.
This ultimately implies that, the mass and charge of the chemical equation are both balanced properly.
In Chemistry, all chemical equation must follow or be in accordance with the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed by either a physical transformation or a chemical reaction but transformed from one form to another in an isolated (closed) system.
One of the step used for balancing chemical equations is to count the atoms in each substance in the reactants and products.
For example;
NH3 + O2 -----> NO + H2O
The number of atoms in each chemical element are;
For the reactant side:
Nitrogen, N = 1
Hydrogen, H = 3
Oxygen, O = 2
For the product side;
Nitrogen, N = 1
Hydrogen, H = 2
Oxygen, O = 2
When we balance the chemical equation, we would have;
NH3 + 3O2 -----> 4NO + 2H2O
Answer:
Explanation:
Polyatomic ions are ions that contain more than one atom in each one of the ions.
Ionic compounds are made of cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ion). By convention, the cation is written before the anion.
List the ions in each compound:
<h3>CaCO₃</h3>
Cation:
,
Anion:
.
is a monatomic ion for it contains only one atom in each ion.
is a polyatomic ion for it contains four atoms (one C atom and three O atoms) in each ion.
<h3>NaF</h3>
Cation:
,
Anion:
.
Both
and
are monatomic for they contain only one atom in each ion.
<h3>FeO</h3>
Cation:
,
Anion:
.
Both
and
are monatomic for they contain only one atom in each ion.
<h3>CaCl₂</h3>
Cation:
,
Anion:
.
Both
and
are monatomic for they contain only one atom in each ion.
<h3>NaOH</h3>
Cation:
,
Anion:
.
is a monatomic ion for it contains only one atom in each ion.
is a polyatomic ion for it contains two atoms (one O atom and one H atom) in each ion.
Answer:
option A
Explanation:
the correct answer is option A
The given blanks in the question will be filled with Absolute and relative receptively.
time is absolute means the numerical representation of time example 12:00 pm is absolute time.
Measurement of distance is relative. A relative distance is one which is represented with the reference of some other place, it is not an exact value.