Ernest Rutherford was a famous British physicist who lived and worked in the 19th and the first half of the 20th century. He is now considered to be the father of nuclear physics, given that he was the one responsible for figuring out about the nuclear structure of an atom (proton, electron, neutron) and about the nuclear processes in general. The element rutherfordium (Rf) is named after this scientist. When it comes to his personal life, his parents are both British, however, Ernest was born in New Zealand because his mom and dad before he was born. He worked as a professor in several universities, and was even knighted in 1914. He is a Nobel prize winner, which he won for Chemistry in 1908.
The part of an atom that is actively exchanged or shared in a chemical bond is ELECTRON.
An atom is made up of three sub particles, which are electron, proton and neutron. The proton and the neutron are located in the nucleus of the atom and they make up the major mass of the atom. The electron is located outside of the nucleus and it orbit around the nucleus; it has negligible mass. The electron is negatively charged and because it is located outside of the nucleus, it is the one that is always involved in chemical reactions. There are different types of chemical bonds in chemical compounds and it is electrons that are normally used to form these bonds. During bond formation, electrons can either be donated or shared.
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed. It can only be transformed from one state or substance to another. This means that this law applies to both physical and chemical changes. In physical changes, the substance before and after the phase change still has the same mass. In chemical changes, the mass of reactants will always have the same mass of products and by-products.
Answer: -
Concentration of PbI₂ = 1.5 x 10⁻³ M
PbI₂ dissociates in water as
PbI₂ ⇄ Pb²⁺ + 2 I⁻
So PbI₂ releases two times the amount of I⁻ as it's own concentration when saturated.
Thus the molar concentration of iodide ion in a saturated PbI₂ solution = [ I⁻] =
= 1.5 x 10⁻³ x 2 M
= 3 x 10⁻³ M
PbI₂ releases the same amount of Pb²⁺ as it's own concentration when saturated.
[Pb²⁺] = 1.5 x 10⁻³ M
So solubility product for PbI₂
Ksp = [Pb²⁺] x [ I⁻]²
=1.5 x 10⁻³ x (3 x 10⁻³)²
= 4.5 x 10⁻⁹
Answer:
The natural phenomenon used to describe the length of a meter is the speed of light. The length of a meter is the length a light path travels in 1/(299792458) seconds through a vacuum.
The definition is better due to the uncertainty involved in the use of the length of a standard meter stick because the length of the meter stick could change due to atmospheric conditions from place to place
Explanation: