Conservation
conservation is the act of protecting animals and resources for current and future generations
The question requires us to explain the differences in radii of neutral atoms, cations and anions.
To answer this question, we need to keep in mind that a neutral atom presents the same number of protons (positive particles) and electrons (negative particles). Another important information is that the protons are located in the nucleus of the atom, while the electrons are around the nucleus. Also, there is an electrostatic force between protons and electrons, which means that they the protons tend to attract the electrons to the nucleus.
While a neutral atom presents the same number of protons and electrons, a cation is an ion with positive charge, which means it has lost one or more electrons. In a cation, the balance between protons and electrons doesn't exist anymore: now, there is more positive than negative charge (more protons than electrons), and the overall attractive force that the protons have for the electrons is increased. As a result, the electrons stay closer to the nucleus and the radius of a cation is smaller than the neutral atom from which it was derived.
On the other side, anions present negative charge, which means they have received electrons. Similarly to cations, the balance between protons and electrons doesn't exist anymore, but in this case, there are more electrons than protons. In an anion, the overall attractive force that the protons have for the electrons is decreased. As a result, the electrons are "more free" to move and, as they are not so attracted to the nucleus, they tend to stay farther from the positive nucleus compared to the neutral atom - because of this, the radius of an anion is larger than the neutral atom from which it was derived.
Answer:
1. D
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. A
Explanation: just finished quick check
Answer:
c. Only certain energies are allowed for the electron in a hydrogen atom
Explanation:
Emission spectrum are produced when the excited electron in a atom release the energy in the form of photons to come to ground state. These photons are of different wavelengths depending on the excitation state of emitting electron or transition of electron. These electromagnetic radiation are observed through prism to produce the spectrum.
As the name indicates this spectrum is produced by emission of energy. Although the electron can be excited by different methods such as by heating but the key point is that electrons in hydrogen atom will emit the photons of same energy which they absorb and each electron can absorb only certain type of energy. So four lines were observed in the visible spectrum of hydrogen because only certain energies are observed for hydrogen atom.
Such ions are said to be isoelectronic
