States of Matter
Gases, liquids and solids are all made up of microscopic particles, but the behaviors of these particles differ in the three phases.
Note that:
Particles in a:
gas are well separated with no regular arrangement.
liquid are close together with no regular arrangement.
solid are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern.
Particles in a:
gas vibrate and move freely at high speeds.
liquid vibrate, move about, and slide past each other.
solid vibrate (jiggle) but generally do not move from place to place.
Liquids and solids are often referred to as condensed phases because the particles are very close together.
The following table summarizes properties of gases, liquids, and solids and identifies the microscopic behavior responsible for each property.
Some Characteristics of Gases, Liquids and Solids and the Microscopic Explanation for the Behavior
gas liquid solid
assumes the shape and volume of its container
particles can move past one another assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies
particles can move/slide past one another retains a fixed volume and shape
rigid - particles locked into place
compressible
lots of free space between particles not easily compressible
little free space between particles not easily compressible
little free space between particles
flows easily
particles can move past one another flows easily
particles can move/slide past one another
Answer:
1.1 × 10²⁴ atoms Mg
General Formulas and Concepts:
<u>Atomic Structure</u>
- Moles
- Avogadro's Number - 6.022 × 10²³ atoms, molecules, formula units, etc.
<u>Stoichiometry</u>
- Using Dimensional Analysis
Explanation:
<u>Step 1: Define</u>
<em>Identify</em>
[Given] 1.8 mol Mg
[Solve] atoms Mg
<u>Step 2: Identify Conversions</u>
Avogadro's Number
<u>Step 3: Convert</u>
- [DA] Set up:

- [DA] Multiply [Cancel out units]:

<u>Step 4: Check</u>
<em>Follow sig fig rules and round. We are given 2 sig figs.</em>
1.08396 × 10²⁴ atoms Mg ≈ 1.1 × 10²⁴ atoms Mg
protons and electrons are both always the atomic number which is 9 in this case.
For neutrons you subtract the atomic number (9) from the weight of the atom (18.998) some teachers will want you to round to the nearest whole (19). We do this because the number of protons is the atomic number so if you subtract the protons from the whole weight of the atom you would have the electrons and neutrons left. Since electrons weigh so little we don't have to subtract them. Weighing neutrons and electrons would be like weighing an elephant (neutrons) and then putting one marshmallow on the scale (electron).
<span>Molar mass (MM) of benzene C6H6
C = 6 * 12 = 72u
H = 6 * 1 = 6u
MM C6H6 = 72 + 6 = 78 g / mol
Benzene - Molar Mass = 78 g --------- 1 mol
Of A Mix has 468 g -------------- x
78x = 468
X = 468/78
X = 6 moles
Molar mass (MM) of Hydrochloric Acid HCl
H = 1 * 1 = 1u
CI = 1 * 35 = 35u
MM HCl = 1 + 35 = 36 g / mol
Hydrochloric Acid - Molar Mass = 36 g ---------- 1 mol
Of A Mix has 72 g ------------ y
36y = 72
Y = 72/36
Y = 2 moles
Thus, a mixture has a total of 8 moles (6 mol + 2 mol).
Dividing One Mole Amount of Each Substance by the Number of Total Mole Amounts,
Then we will obtain a Molar Fraction of Each:
Molar fraction make benzene = (6/8) simplify 2 = 3/4
Molar Fraction to make Hydrochloric Acid = (2/8) = simplify 2 = 1/4
Note:. The sum of the molar fractions of the always give goes 1, we have: 3/4 + 1/4 = 1
ANSWER:
</span>
T = final temperature of the block
T₀ = initial temperature of the block = 23.4 °C
Q = energy lost from the wooden block = - 759 J
c = specific heat capacity of wood = 1.716 J/(g °C)
m = mass of the wooden block = 27.2 g
Heat lost from the block is given as
Q = m c (T - T₀)
inserting the values
- 759 = (27.2) (1.716) (T - 23.4)
T = 7.1 °C