To solve this problem it is necessary to apply the concepts given by Malus regarding the Intensity of light.
From the law of Malus intensity can be defined as

Where
Angle From vertical of the axis of the polarizing filter
Intensity of the unpolarized light
The expression for the intensity of the light after passing through the first filter is given by

Replacing we have that


Re-arrange the equation,

Re-arrange to find \theta





The value of the angle from vertical of the axis of the second polarizing filter is equal to 30.2°
Answer:

Explanation:
The work done on the capacitor is equal to the difference in potential energy stored in the capacitor in two different cases.
The potential energy is given by the following formula:

where C can be calculated using the plate separation and area.

Therefore, the potential energy in the first case is

In the second case:

The permittivity of the air is very close to that of vacuum, which is 8.8 x 10^-12.
So, the difference in the potential energy is

Answer:
Iron has a higher heat capacity than copper
Explanation:
The heat capacity of a substance is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of an object by 1°C.
The higher the heat capacity of a substance, the longer the time it takes for the substance to become hot when heated.
Since the copper rod becomes too hot to hold much sooner than the iron rod, it means that iron has a higher heat capacity than copper.
Volt is the unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons forward through a conductor.
When there is a circuit having a cell / battery , that cell/battery forms an electric field due to difference in voltages , and set a voltage of value equals to the difference in the voltage of two end of that cell/ battery . Because of which a electric field got set up in the conductor , which pushes electron to move inside the conductor . Unit of voltage is volt .
VOLT - A unit of electrical pressure (or electromotive force) which causes current to flow in a circuit. One volt is the amount of pressure required to cause one ampere of current to flow against one ohm of resistance. VOLTAGE - That force which is generated to cause current to flow in an electrical circuit.
Voltage is the pressure from an electrical circuit's power source that pushes charged electrons (current) through a conducting loop, enabling them to do work such as illuminating a light. In brief, voltage = pressure, and it is measured in volts (V).
To learn more about voltage here
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