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4 years ago

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An automobile with a tangential speed of 54.1 km/h follows a circular road that has a radius of 41.6 m. The automobile has a mas

s of 1260 kg. The pavement is wet and oily, so the coefficient of kinetic friction between the car's tires and the pavement is only 0.500.

1 answer:

Viefleur [7K]4 years ago

4 0

1) Available force of friction: 6174 N

2) No

Explanation:

1)

The magnitude of the frictional force between the car's tires and the pavement of the road is given by

$F_f=\mu mg$

where

$\mu$ is the coefficient of friction

m is the mass of the car

g is the acceleration of gravity

For the car in this problem, we have:

$\mu=0.500$ (coefficient of friction)

m = 1260 kg (mass of the car)

$g=9.8 m/s^2$

Therefore, the force of friction is

$F_f=(0.500)(1260)(9.8)=6174 N$

2)

In order to mantain the car in circular motion, the force of friction must be at least equal to the centripetal force.

The centripetal force is given by

$F=m\frac{v^2}{r}$

where

m is the mass of the car

v is the tangential speed

r is the radius of the curve

In this problem, we have

m = 1260 kg

$v=54.1 km/h =15.0 m/s$ is the tangential speed

r = 41.6 m is the radius of the curve

Therefore, the centripetal force is

$F=(1260)\frac{15.0^2}{41.6}=6814 N$

Therefore, the force of friction is not enough to keep the car in the curve, since $F_f$

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You need to first measure the angle of descent, i.e. the angle the hill makes with the ground. Then identify the forces acting on the sled, split them up into horizontal and vertical components, or into components that are parallel and perpendicular to the hill, and use Newton's second law to determine the components of the sled's acceleration vector.

There are at least 2 forces acting on the sled:

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Splitting up the forces into parallel/perpendicular components is less work. By Newton's second law, the net force (denoted with ∑ or "sigma" here) in a particular direction is equal to the mass of the sled times its acceleration in that direction:

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where, for instance, <em>W</em> (//) denotes the component of the sled's weight in the direction parallel to the hill, while <em>a</em> (⟂) denotes the component of the sled's acceleration perpendicular to the hill. If there is friction, you need to add -<em>F</em> to the first equation.

If the hill makes an angle of <em>θ</em> with flat ground, then <em>W</em> makes the same angle with the hill so that

<em>W</em> (//) = -<em>m g </em>sin(<em>θ</em>)

<em>W</em> (⟂) = -<em>m g</em> cos(<em>θ</em>)

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<em>-m g</em> cos(<em>θ</em>) + <em>N</em> = <em>m </em><em>a</em> (⟂) → <em>a</em> (⟂) = 0

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Then the acceleration vector is

<em>a</em> = <em>a</em> (//)

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||<em>a</em>|| = <em>a</em> = <em>g </em>sin(<em>θ</em>).

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Explanation:

This is going to be long, so if you want to see how it was solved refer to the attached solution. If you want to know the step by step process, read on.

To solve this, you will need use two kinematic equations and SOHCAHTOA:

$d = v_it + \dfrac{1}{2}at^{2}\\\\vf = vi + at$

With these formulas, we can derive formulas for everything you need:

Things you need to remember:

A projectile at an angle has a x-component (horizontal movement) and y-component (vertical movement), which is the reason why it creates an angle.

Treat them separately.

At maximum height, the vertical final velocity is always 0 m/s going up. And initial vertical velocity is 0 m/s going down.

Horizontal movement is not influenced by gravity.
acceleration due to gravity (a) on Earth is constant at 9.8m/s

First we need to take your given:

10.0 m long (horizontal) and maximum height of 3.0m (vertical).

$d_x=10.0m\\d_y=3.0m$

What your problem is looking for is the initial velocity and the angle it left the ground.

Vi = ? Θ =?

Vi here is the diagonal movement and do solve this, we need both the horizontal velocity and the vertical velocity.

Let's deal with the vertical components first:

We can use the second kinematic equation given to solve for the vertical initial velocity but we are missing time. So we use the first kinematic equation to derive a formula for time.

$d_y=V_i_yt+\dfrac{1}{2}at^{2}$

Since it is at maximum height at this point, we can assume that the lion is already making its way down so the initial vertical velocity would be 0 m/s. So we can reduce the formula:

$d_y=0+\dfrac{1}{2}at^{2}$

$d_y=\dfrac{1}{2}at^{2}$

From here we can derive the formula of time:

$t=\sqrt{\dfrac{2d_y}{a}}$

Now we just plug in what we know:

$t=\sqrt{\dfrac{(2)(3.0m}{9.8m/s^2}}\\t=0.782s$

Now that we know the time it takes to get from the highest point to the ground. The time going up is equal to the time going down, so we can use this time to solve for the intial scenario of going up.

$vf_y=vi_y+at$

Remember that going up the vertical final velocity is 0m/s, and remember that gravity is always moving downwards so it is negative.

$0m/s=vi_y+-9.8m/s^{2}(0.782s)\\-vi_y=-9.8m/s^{2}(0.782s)\\-vi_y=-7.66m/s\\vi_y=7.66m/s$

So we have our first initial vertical velocity:

Viy = 7.66m/s

Next we solve for the horizontal velocity. We use the same kinematic formula but replace it with x components. Remember that gravity has no influence horizontally so a = 0:

$d_x=V_i_xt+\dfrac{1}{2}0m/s^{2}(t^{2})\\d_x=V_i_xt$

But horizontally, it considers the time of flight, from the time it was released and the time it hits the ground. Also, like mentioned earlier the time going up is the same as going down, so if we combine them the total time in flight will be twice the time.

T= 2t

T = 2 (0.782s)

<em>T = 1.564s</em>

<em>So we use this in our formula:</em>

<em> $d_x=V_i_xT\\\\10.0m=Vi_x(1.564s)\\\\\dfrac{10.0m}{1.564s}=V_i_x\\\\6.39m/s=V_i_x$ </em>

Vix=6.39m/s

Now we have the horizontal and the vertical component, we can solve for the diagonal initial velocity, or the velocity the mountain lion leapt and the angle, by creating a right triangles, using vectors (see attached)

To get the diagonal, you just use the Pythagorean theorem:

c²=a²+b²

Using it in the context of our problem:

$Vi^{2}=Viy^2+Vix^2\\Vi^2=(7.66m/s)^2+(6.39m/s)^2\\\sqrt{Vi}=\sqrt{(7.66m/s)^2+(6.39m/s)^2}\\\\Vi=9.98m/s$

The lion leapt at 9.98m/s

Using SOHCAHTOA, we know that we can TOA to solve for the angle, because we have the opposite and adjacent side:

$Tan\theta=\dfrac{O}{A}\\\\Tan\theta=\dfrac{V_i_y}{V_i_x}\\\\\theta=Tan^{-1}\dfrac{V_i_y}{V_i_x}\\\\\theta=Tan^{-1}\dfrac{7.66m/s}{6.39m/s}\\\\\theta=50.17$

The lion leapt at an angle of 50.16°.

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