Which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics?
1 answer:
Answer:
Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy
Explanation:
Second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy or the randomness of the system remains constant over time. It also states that the net entropy will remain the same or it will increase.
Entropy of a system is given by heat absorbed divided by temperature. It is given by :
So, the correct option is (A) "Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy".
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Answer:
μs = 0.36
Explanation:
- While the drum is rotating, the riders, in order to keep in a circular movement, are accelerated towards the center of the drum.
- This acceleration is produced by the centripetal force.
- Now, this force is not a different type of force, is the net force acting on the riders in this direction.
- Since the riders have their backs against the wall, and the normal force between the riders and the wall is perpendicular to the wall and aiming out of it, it is easily seen that this normal force is the same centripetal force.
- In the vertical direction, we have two forces acting on the riders: the force of gravity (which we call weight) downward, and the friction force, that will oppose to the relative movement between the riders and the wall, going upward.
- When this force be equal to the weight, it will have the maximum possible value, which can be written as follows:
- where μs= coefficient of static friction (our unknown)
- As we have already said Fn = Fc.
- The value of the centripetal force, is related with the angular velocity ω and the radius of the drum r, as follows:
- Replacing (2) in (1), simplifying and rearranging terms, we can solve for μs, as follows:
- Prior to replace ω for its value, is convenient to convert it from rev/min to rad/sec, as follows:
- Replacing g, ω and r in (3):