Answer:
variations of the same species
Explanation:
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Answer:
c. decarboxylation of an a-keto acid.
Explanation:
Decarboxylation refers to the removal of the carboxyl group from a carboxylic acid and thus releasing carbon dioxide. Decarboxylases are enzymes that speed up the removal of the carboxyl group from acids. These reactants could be amino acids, alpha-keto acids, and beta-keto acids. Biotin is known to catalyze the decarboxylation of malonyl CoA to acetyl CoA during fatty acid synthesis.
Malonyl CoA is converted to acetyl CoA after decarboxylation assisted by biotin also known as Vitamin H. Alpha keto acids are involved in fatty acids synthesis and Malonyl CoA is an alpha-keto acid because the keto group is located in the first carbon near the carboxylic acid group. Keto acids have both a carboxyl group and a ketone group.
Any buffer exists in this equilibrium
HA <=>

In a buffer, there is a large reservoir of both the undissociated acid (HA) and its conjugate base (

)
When a strong acid is added, it reacts with the large reservoir of the conjugate base (

) forming a salt and water. Since this large reservoir of the conjugate base is used, the ph does not alter drastically, but instead resist the pH change.
Answer: 4000000000
because 20X200000000=4000000000
1 is b 2 is a 3 is d 4 is a 5 is c