Answer:
F = 15.47 N
Explanation:
Given that,
Q = 52 µC
q = 10 µC
d = 55 cm = 0.55 m
We need to find the magnitude of the electrostatic force on q. The formula for the electrostatic force is given by :

So, the magnitude of the electrostatic force is 15.47 N.
This bifurcation is called a saddle-node bifurcation. In it, a pair of hyperbolic equilibria, one stable and one unstable, coalesce at the bifurcation point, annihilate each other and disappear.
<h3>What is a bifurcation equilibria?</h3>
- The mathematical study of changes in a family of curves' qualitative or topological structure, such as the integral curves of a family of vector fields or the solutions to a family of differential equations, is known as bifurcation theory.
- A bifurcation happens when a tiny, gradual change in a system's parameter values (the bifurcation parameters) results in an abrupt, "qualitative," or topological change in the system's behavior.
- This term is most frequently used to refer to the mathematical study of dynamical systems.
- Both continuous systems (represented by ordinary, delay, or partial differential equations) and discrete systems can experience bifurcations (described by maps).
To learn more about bifurcation equilibria, refer to
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Answer:

Explanation:
A) In order to solve the table it is necessary to consult tables A11-E and A10E for refrigerant R134-a
In this way we obtain that:

In this way,


In this way the entropy change is,

B) Whenever entropy yields a positive result, the process can be carried out adiabatically.
The answer is, "N<span>imbostratus cloud". </span>
Answer:
<em>If the Universe holds enough matter, including dark matter, the combined gravitational attraction of everything will gradually halt this expansion and precipitate the ultimate collapse. Over time, galaxies, then individual stars, will smash into each other more frequently, killing off any life on nearby planets.</em>