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iogann1982 [59]
3 years ago
14

Does the speedometer of a car read average speed or instantaneous speed?

Physics
1 answer:
aleksandrvk [35]3 years ago
8 0
Speedometer of car read instantaneous speed of course. Its because when you stop it instantaneous show 0. If speedometer show average speed there should be different value than 0 (much greater) just when you stop.
Maybe there are car with speedometer with average speed but the time from which the average is taken is extremely small. Its simply instantaneous speed.
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Steam flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine. The inlet conditions of the steam are 4 MPa, 500◦C, and 80 m/s, and the exit
Cerrena [4.2K]

Answer:

a) ΔEC=-23.4kW

b)W=12106.2kW

c)A=0.01297m^2

Explanation:

A)

The kinetic energy is defined as:

\frac{m*vel^2}{2} (vel is the velocity, to differentiate with v, specific volume).

The kinetic energy change will be: Δ (\frac{mvel^2}{2})=\frac{m*vel_2^2}{2}-\frac{m*vel_1^2}{2}

Δ (\frac{mvel^2}{2})=\frac{m}{2}*(vel_2^2-vel_1^2)

Where 1 and 2 subscripts mean initial and final state respectively.

Δ(\frac{mvel^2}{2})=\frac{12\frac{kg}{s}}{2}*(50^2-80^2)\frac{m^2}{s^2}=-23400W=-23.4kW

This amount is negative because the steam is losing that energy.

B)

Consider the energy balance, with a neglective height difference: The energy that enters to the turbine (which is in the steam) is the same that goes out (which is in the steam and in the work done).

H_1+\frac{m*vel_1^2}{2}=H_2+\frac{m*vel_2^2}{2}+W\\W=m*(h_1-h_2)+\frac{m}{2} *(vel_1^2-vel_2^2)

We already know the last quantity: \frac{m}{2} *(vel_1^2-vel_2^2)=-Δ (\frac{mvel^2}{2})=23400W

For the steam enthalpies, review the steam tables (I attach the ones that I used); according to that, h_1=h(T=500C,P=4MPa)=3445.3\frac{kJ}{kg}

The exit state is a liquid-vapor mixture, so its enthalpy is:

h_2=h_f+xh_{fg}=289.23+0.92*2366.1=2483.4\frac{kJ}{kg}

Finally, the work can be obtained:

W=12\frac{kg}{s}*(3445.3-2438.4)\frac{kJ}{kg} +23.400kW)=12106.2kW

C) For the area, consider the equation of mass flow:

m=p*vel*A where p is the density, and A the area. The density is the inverse of the specific volume, so m=\frac{vel*A}{v}

The specific volume of the inlet steam can be read also from the steam tables, and its value is: 0.08643\frac{m^3}{kg}, so:

A=\frac{m*v}{vel}=\frac{12\frac{kg}{s}*0.08643\frac{m^3}{kg}}{80\frac{m}{s}}=0.01297m^2

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