There are at least two forces on it, and there could be more.
Vertical forces:
-- gravity, directed downward
-- buoyant force, directed upward
These two forces must be exactly equal, so that the net
vertical force on the raft is zero. Otherwise, it would be
accelerating either up or down.
Horizontal forces:
We know that the net horizontal force on the raft is zero.
Otherwise, it would be accelerating horizontally.
But we don't know if there are actually no horizontal forces
at all, or a balanced group of horizontal forces, that add up
to a net force of zero.
Answer:

Explanation:
At thermal equilibrium we have heat given by aluminium must be equal to the heat absorbed by the water
so we will have


so we will have

so we have

so we have


Answer:
The induced emf in the loop is 
Explanation:
Given that,
Length of the wire, L = 1.22 m
It changes its shape is changed from square to circular. Then the side of square be its circumference, 4a = L
4a = 1.22
a = 0.305 m
Area of square, 
Circumference of the loop,

Area of circle,

The induced emf is given by :

So, the induced emf in the loop is 
Answer:
Explanation:
θ( p ) + θ( r ) = 90
θ (r) = angle of refraction and θ ( p ) is polarising angle.
given θ ( r ) = 31.8
θ ( p ) = 90 - 31.8 = 58.2 degree
ii ) Tanθ ( p ) = n ( refractive index ) = Tan 58.2 = 1.6