To obtain the enthalpy change for a reaction from bond energies what we do is to make an inventory of the bonds broken and formed for the balanced chemical reaction:
El enlace iónico se forma por transferencia de electrones entre metales y no metales. El enlace covalente se forma al compartir electrones entre no metales.
The theory assumes that collisions between gas molecules and the walls of a container are perfectly elastic, gas particles do not have any volume, and there are no repulsive or attractive forces between molecules .