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3 years ago

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If a solution containing 45.101 g of mercury(II) acetate is allowed to react completely with a solution containing 12.026 g of s

odium dichromate, how many grams of solid precipitate will form

1 answer:

AnnyKZ [126]3 years ago

3 0

Answer:

14.533 grams of solid precipitate of mercury(II) dichromate will form.

Explanation:

$Hg(CH_3COO)_2(aq)+Na_2Cr_2O_7(aq)\rightarrow HgCr_2O_7(s)+2CH_3COONa(aq)$

Moles of mercury(II) acetate = $\frac{45.101 g}{318.70 g/mol}=0.14152 mol$

Moles of sodium dichromate = $\frac{12.026 g}{261.97 g/mol}=0.045906 mol$

According to reaction , 1 mole of sodium dichromate reacts with 1 mole of mercury(II) acetate , then 0.045906 moles of sodium dichromate will recat with :

$\frac{1}{1}\times 0.045906 mol=0.045906 mol$ of mercury(II) acetate

This means that mercury(II) acetate is present in an excess amount and sodium dichromate is present in limiting amount.So, amount of precipitate will depend upon moles of sodium dichromate.

According to reaction , 1 mole of sodium dichromate gives 1 mole of mercury(II) dichromate , then 0.045906 moles of sodium dichromate will give :

$\frac{1}{1}\times 0.045906 mol=0.045906 mol$ of mercury(II) dichromate

Mass of 0.045906 moles of mercury(II) dichromate:

0.045906 mol × 316.59 g/mol = 14.533 g

14.533 grams of solid precipitate of mercury(II) dichromate will form.

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Approximately $81.84\%$ .

Explanation:

Balanced equation for this reaction:

${\rm Na_{2}CO_{3}}\, (aq) + {\rm CaCl_{2}} \, (aq) \to 2\; {\rm NaCl}\, (aq) + {\rm CaCO_{3}}\, (s)$ .

Look up the relative atomic mass of elements in the limiting reactant, $\rm CaCl_{2}$ , as well as those in the product of interest, $\rm CaCO_{3}$ :

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Calculate the formula mass for both the limiting reactant and the product of interest:

$\begin{aligned}& M({\rm CaCl_{2}}) \\ &= (40.078 + 2 \times 35.45)\; {\rm g \cdot mol^{-1}} \\ &= 110.978\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}\end{aligned}$ .

$\begin{aligned}& M({\rm CaCO_{3}}) \\ &= (40.078 + 12.011 + 3 \times 15.999)\; {\rm g \cdot mol^{-1}} \\ &= 100.086\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}\end{aligned}$ .

Calculate the quantity of the limiting reactant ( $\rm CaCl_{2}$ ) available to this reaction:

$\begin{aligned}n({\rm CaCl_{2}) &= \frac{m({\rm {CaCl_{2}})}}{M({\rm CaCl_{2}})} \\ &= \frac{17.87\; \rm g}{110.978\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}} \\ &\approx 0.161023\; \rm mol \end{aligned}$ .

Refer to the balanced equation for this reaction. The coefficients of the limiting reactant ( $\rm CaCl_{2}$ ) and the product ( ${\rm CaCO_{3}}$ ) are both $1$ . Thus:

$\displaystyle \frac{n({\rm CaCO_{3}})}{n({\rm CaCl_{2}})} = 1$ .

In other words, for every $1\; \rm mol$ of $\rm CaCl_{2}$ formula units that are consumed, $1\; \rm mol\!$ of $\rm CaCO_{3}$ formula units would (in theory) be produced. Thus, calculate the theoretical yield of $\rm CaCO_{3}\!$ in this experiment:

$\begin{aligned} & n(\text{${\rm CaCO_{3}}$, theoretical}) \\ =\; & n({\rm CaCl_{2}}) \cdot \frac{n({\rm CaCO_{3}})}{n({\rm CaCl_{2}})} \\ \approx \; & 0.161023\; {\rm mol} \times 1 \\ =\; & 0.161023\; \rm mol\end{aligned}$ .

Calculate the theoretical yield of this experiment in terms of the mass of $\rm CaCO_{3}$ expected to be produced:

$\begin{aligned} & m(\text{${\rm CaCO_{3}}$, theoretical}) \\ = \; & n(\text{${\rm CaCO_{3}}$, theoretical}) \cdot M(({\rm CaCO_{3}}) \\ \approx \; & 0.161023\; {\rm mol} \times 100.086\; {\rm g \cdot mol^{-1}} \\ \approx \; & 16.1161\; \rm g \end{aligned}$ .

Given that the actual yield in this question (in terms of the mass of $\rm CaCO_{3}$ ) is $13.19\; \rm g$ , calculate the percentage yield of this experiment:

$\begin{aligned} & \text{percentage yield} \\ =\; & \frac{\text{actual yield}}{\text{theoretical yield}} \times 100\% \\ \approx \; & \frac{13.19\; {\rm g}}{16.1161\; {\rm g}} \times 100\% \\ \approx \; & 81.84\%\end{aligned}$ .

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