Question

Which of the following provides an instantaneous measure of radioactivity:

Answer 1

Answer:

3.B only

Explanation:

A scintillation counter is an instrument for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation using the effect of the excitation of the incident radiation on a scintillating material, and the detection of the resulting light pulses.  They are used to measure personal radiation and environmental monitoring for radioactive contamination, medical imaging, radiometric testing, nuclear safety, and nuclear plant safety,  normally the monitor accumulates the radiation signals  ionizing in a period of time controlled by the user and in the end reports the dose  accumulated in said period.

A Geiger counter is an instrument that measures the radioactivity of an object or place, detecting particles, as well as ionizing radiation. There are portable equipment that includes a detector and process electronics in the same unit, giving the result instantly.

Film plate dosimeters are small portable devices for monitoring the cumulative radiation dose due to ionizing radiation. Film dosimeters are typically used for official readings of people exposed to radiation that are evaluated on a regular basis, usually every month.

Answer 2

Answer:

Option 2 is correct.

Scintillation counters and Geiger Counters provide instantaneous measure of radioactivity.

Explanation:

Of the three means of measuring radioactivity presented. Only Film-badge dosimeter lacks a sensitive photo-detector piece that instantaneously converts the amount of radiation seen into electrical waves. It collects the radiation over time and the film is then developed after a particular point in time for the radioactivity collected to be measured.

Although used majorly for gamma rays and neutrons, the scintillation counters uses a scintillator to convert ionizing radiation (like the two mentioned at the start of this passage), into photons that the photo-detector (usually very sensitive) converts into electrical signals for immediate reading. It gives the energy and intensity of the radiation intended to.be measured.

The Geiger Muller counter, the most used measure of radioactivity across all fields, uses the tube (which contains inert gases) as the sensitive radiation detecting piece. High voltage maintained in the tube makes the gases conductive and it transmits the intemsity of radiation to the processing part of the counter which converts this reading to electrical signals, immediately for reading. Unlike the scintillation counters, it doesn't measure the energy of the radiation.

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