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andrew-mc [135]
3 years ago
14

Which of the following statements describes a difference between a chemical change and a physical change in a substance

Chemistry
1 answer:
siniylev [52]3 years ago
8 0

Explanation:

A physical change is one that alters the physical properties of matter (particularly the form and state).

A chemical change is one in which new kind of matter is formed. It is always accompanied by energy changes (evolution or absorption of energy in form of heat or light or both).

Now, the salient differences between physical and chemical changes;

  1. Physical changes are easily reversible whereas chemical changes are not easily reversible.
  2. Physical changes lead to the production of no new kinds of matter whereas chemical changes leads to the production of new kinds of matter.
  3. Physical changes involves no change in mass whereas chemical changes involves change in mass.
  4. Physical changes require little energy whereas considerable amount of energy is needed for chemical changes.
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A 50.0-mL volume of 0.15 M HBr is titrated with 0.25 M KOH. Calculate the pH after the addition of 13.0 mL of KOH. Express your
Mazyrski [523]

Answer:

pH= 1.17

Explanation:

The neutralization reaction between HBr (acid) and KOH (base) is given by the following equation:

HBr(aq) + KOH(aq) → KBr(aq) + H₂O(l)

According to this equation, 1 mol of HBr reacts with 1 mol of KOH. Then, the moles can be expressed as the product between the molarity of the acid/base solution (M) and the volume in liters (V). So, we calculate the moles of acid and base:

<u>Acid</u>:

M(HBr) = 0.15 M = 0.15 mol/L

V(HBr) = 50.0 mL x 1 L/1000 mL = 0.05 L

moles of HBr = M(HBr) x V(HBr) = 0.15 mol/L x 0.05 L = 7.5 x 10⁻³ moles HBr

<u>Base</u>:

M(KOH) = 0.25 M = 0.25 mol/L

V(HBr) = 13.0 mL x 1 L/1000 mL = 0.013 L

moles of HBr = M(HBr) x V(HBr) = 0.25 mol/L x 0.013 L = 3.25 x 10⁻³ moles KOH

Now, we have: 7.5 x 10⁻³ moles HBr > 3.25 x 10⁻³ moles KOH

HBr is a strong acid and KOH is a strong base, so they are completely dissociated in water: the acid produces H⁺ ions and the base produces OH⁻ ions. So, the difference between the moles of HBr and the moles of KOH is equal to the moles of remaining H⁺ ions after neutralization:

moles of H⁺ = 7.5 x 10⁻³ moles HBr - 3.25 x 10⁻³ moles KOH = 4.25 x 10⁻³ moles H⁺

From the definition of pH:

pH = -log [H⁺]

The concentration of H⁺ ions is calculated from the moles of H⁺ divided into the total volume:

total volume = V(HBr) + V(KOH) = 0.05 L + 0.013 L = 0.063 L

[H⁺] = (moles of H⁺)/(total volume) = 4.25 x 10⁻³ moles/0.063 L = 0.067 M

Finally, we calculate the pH after neutralization:

pH = -log [H⁺] = -log (0.067) = 1.17

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Which type of chemical reaction does this equation exemplify?  
garri49 [273]
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