Design an Armstrong indirect FM modulator to generate an FM signal with a carrier frequency 98.1 MHz and a frequency deviation △
f = 75 kHz. A narrow-band FM generator is available at a carrier frequency 100 kHz and a frequency deviation △f = 10 Hz. The stock room also has an oscillator with an adjustable frequency in the range of 10 MHz to 11 MHz. There are also plenty of frequency doublers, triplers, and quintuplers (which means the frequency multiplication ratio must be integers like 2n × 3 m × 5 k ).
1 answer:
Answer:
See explaination
Explanation:
In the Armstrong method of FM generation, the phase of the carrier is directly modulated in the combing network through summation, generating indirect frequency modulation.
Very high frequency stability is achieved through Armstrong method since the crystal oscillator is used as carrier frequency generator.
Please kindly check attachment for the step by step solution of the given problem.
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Answer:
(b). T = 22.55 ⁰C
(c). q = 557.8 W
Explanation:
we take follow a step by step process to solving this problem.
from the question, we have that
The two glass pieces is separated by a 1.8 cm distance layer of air.
the thickness of glass piece is 1 cm
width = 4 m
the height = 3 m
(a). the sketch of the thermal circuit is uploaded in the picture below.
(b). the thermal resistance due to the conduction in the first glass plane is given thus;
R₁ = Lg / Kg A ................(1)
given that Kg rep. the thermal conductivity of the glass plane
A = conduction surface area
Lg = Thickness of glass plane4
taking the thermal conductivity of glass plane as Kg = 0.78 w/mk
inputting values into equation (1) we have,
R₁ = [1 (cm) ˣ 1 (m)/100 (cm)] / [(0.78 w/mk)(4m ˣ 3m)]
R₁ = 1.068 ˣ 10 ⁻³ k/w
Being that we have same thermal resistance in the first and second plane,
therefore R₁ = R₃ = 1.068 ˣ 10 ⁻³ k/w
⇒ Also the thermal resistance between air and glass as a result of the conduction by the layer is given thus
R₂ = La/KaA .....................(2)
given Ka = thermal conductivity of air
A = surface area
La = thickness of air
substituting values into the equation we have
R₂ = [1.8 (cm) ˣ 1 (m)/100 (cm)] / [(0.0262 w/mk)(4m ˣ 3m)]
R₂ = 5.73 ˣ 10⁻² k/w
Given the thermal resistance on the outer surface due to convection, we have
R₄ = 1/hA
inputting value gives R₄ = 1 / (12 w/m² ˣ 12m) = 6.94 ˣ 10⁻³k/w
R₄ = 6.94 ˣ 10⁻³k/w
Finally the sum total of thermal resistance = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ + R₄
R-total = 0.0663 kw
From this we can calculate the rate of heat loss
using q = Ti - To / R-total ..............(3)
given Ti and To is the inside and outside temperature i.e. 27⁰C and -10⁰C
from equation (3),
q = 27- (-10) / 0.0063 = 557.8 W
q = 557.8 W
⇒ Applying the heat transfer formula for inside surface glass temperature gives;
q = Ti - T₂ / R₃ + R₄
T₂ = Ti - q (R₃ + R₄)
T₂ = 27 - 557.8 (1.068ˣ10⁻³ + 6.94ˣ10⁻³ ) = 22.55°C
T₂ = 22.55°C
cheers i hope this helps
Answer:
Explanation:
Since there are six points, the minimum distance from all points would be the centroid of polygon formed by A,B,C,D,E,F
To find the coordinates of centroid of a polygon we use the following formula. Let A be area of the polygon.
where i=1 to N-1 and N=6
A area of the polygon can be found by the following formula where i=1 to N-1
A=0.5[(20×25 -25×15) +(25×32 -13×25)+(13×21 -4×32)+(4×8 -18×21)+(18×14 -25×8)
A=225.5 miles²
Now putting the value of area in Cx and Cy
putting the values of x's and y's you will get
For Cy
putting the values of x's and y's you will get
So coordinates for the fire station should be (15.36,22.55)