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grandymaker [24]

2 years ago

15

It takes a minimum distance of 57.46 m to stop a car moving at 13.0 m/s by applying the brakes (without locking the wheels). Ass

ume that the same frictional forces apply and find the minimum stopping distance when the car is moving at 29.0 m/s.

1 answer:

vivado [14]2 years ago

4 0

Answer:

The minimum stopping distance when the car is moving at

29.0 m/sec = 285.94 m

Explanation:

We know by equation of motion that,

$v^{2}=u^{2}+2\cdot a \cdot s$

Where, v= final velocity m/sec

u=initial velocity m/sec

a=Acceleration m/ $Sec^{2}$

s= Distance traveled before stop m

Case 1

u= 13 m/sec, v=0, s= 57.46 m, a=?

$0^{2} = 13^{2} + 2 \cdot a \cdot57.46$

a = -1.47 m/ $Sec^{2}$ (a is negative since final velocity is less then initial velocity)

Case 2

u=29 m/sec, v=0, s= ?, a=-1.47 m/ $Sec^{2}$ (since same friction force is applied)

$v^{2} = 29^{2} - 2 \cdot 1.47 \cdot S$

s = 285.94 m

Hence the minimum stopping distance when the car is moving at

29.0 m/sec = 285.94 m

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Answer:

vcyl / vsph = 1.05

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The rotational part can be expressed as follows:

$K_{rot} = \frac{1}{2}* I* \omega ^{2} (2)$

where I = moment of Inertia regarding the axis of rotation.
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For a solid cylinder, I = M*R²/2 (4)
Replacing (3) and (4) in (2), we get:

$K_{rot} = \frac{1}{2}* \frac{1}{2} M*R^{2} * \frac{v_{cmc} ^{2}}{R^{2}} = \frac{1}{4}* M* v_{cmc}^{2} (5)$

Adding (5) and (1), we get the total kinetic energy for the solid cylinder, as follows:

$K_{cyl} = \frac{1}{2}* M* v_{cmc} ^{2} +\frac{1}{4}* M* v_{cmc}^{2} = \frac{3}{4}* M* v_{cmc} ^{2} (6)$

Repeating the same steps for the spherical shell:

$I_{sph} = \frac{2}{3} * M* R^{2} (7)$

$K_{rot} = \frac{1}{2}* \frac{2}{3} M*R^{2} * \frac{v_{cms} ^{2}}{R^{2}} = \frac{1}{3}* M* v_{cms}^{2} (8)$

$K_{sph} = \frac{1}{2}* M* v_{cms} ^{2} +\frac{1}{3}* M* v_{cms}^{2} = \frac{5}{6}* M* v_{cms} ^{2} (9)$

Since we know that both masses are equal each other, we can simplify (6) and (9), cancelling both masses out.
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$\frac{v_{cmc}}{v_{cms}} =\sqrt{\frac{10}{9} } = 1.05 (10)$

This means that the solid cylinder is 5% faster than the spherical shell, which is due to the larger moment of inertia for the shell.

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