A penny is made of a silver core with a copper coating. Although you can not see the sliver underneath, it is therefore, a homogenous mixture. It is an evenly distributed mixture of copper Cu, and Silver Ag.
Let us assume following attached reaction for the synthesis of cyclohexene from cyclohexanol which attains equilibrium after certain time.
As shown in figure the cyclohexanol upon treatment with phosphoric acid undergoes dehydration reaction (removal of water) and produces cyclohexene. On the other hand cyclohexene reacts with water (hydration reaction) and produces cyclohexanol.
Now, if this reaction is allowed in a single flask it will attain equilibrium and will not generate the cyclohexene in high quantity. On the other hand if we apply <em>Le Chatelier's principle</em> ( <u><em>removal of product moves the equilibrium in right direction</em></u>) and distillate cyclohexene (boiling the cyclohexene to convert it into vapors and then collect it after condensation) will move the reaction in forward direction and will allow us to generate cyclohexene in high amounts.
Carbohydrates are biological molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of roughly one carbon atom ( C Cstart text, C, end text) to one water molecule ( H 2 O H 2 Ostart text, H, end text, start subscript, 2, end subscript, start text, O, end text). This composition gives carbohydrates their name: they are made up of carbon (carbo-) plus water (-hydrate). Carbohydrate chains come in different lengths, and biologically important carbohydrates belong to three categories: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.