Forming a covalent bond
A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons. Covalent bonding occurs in most non-metal elements, and in compounds formed between non-metals.
These shared electrons are found in the outer shells of the atoms. Usually each atom contributes one electron to the shared pair of electrons.
The slideshow shows how a covalent bond forms between a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom, making hydrogen chloride.
Structures of a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom.
1. A hydrogen atom with one electron and a chlorine atom with 17 electrons
Molecules
Most covalently bonded substances consist of small molecules. A molecule is a group of two or more atoms joined together by covalent bonds. Molecules of the same element or compound always contain the same number of atoms of each element.
The atoms in a molecule are always joined together by a covalent bond. Substances that are made up of ions do not form molecules.
Sizes of atoms and simple molecules
A small molecule contains only a few atoms, so atoms and small molecules have a similar range of sizes. They are very small, typically around 0.1 nm or 1 × 10-10 m across.
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D an average train goes 300 km/h or 190-220 mph
Answer:
Electricity. Coal alone provides half the electricity in the United States. ...
Heating. Oil and natural gas are commonly used for heating homes as well as providing heat for industrial applications.
Transportation. Oil supplies 99 percent of the energy for cars in the form of gasoline and diesel. ...
Limits. ...
Considerations.
Explanation:
Answer:
Sound waves need to travel through a medium such as solids, liquids and gases. The sound waves move through each of these mediums by vibrating the molecules in the matter. The molecules in solids are packed very tightly. Liquids are not packed as tightly.Of the three mediums (gas, liquid, and solid) sound waves travel the slowest through gases, faster through liquids, and fastest through solids. Temperature also affects the speed of sound.Sound waves in air (and any fluid medium) are longitudinal waves because particles of the medium through which the sound is transported vibrate parallel to the direction that the sound wave moves. A vibrating string can create longitudinal waves as depicted in the animation below.
Explanation:
