Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere dissolves in the surface waters of the ocean. Some of the carbon dioxide stays as dissolved gas, but much of it gets turned into other things. Photosynthesis by tiny marine plants (phytoplankton) in the sunlit surface waters turns the carbon into organic matte
Answer:
An object with a high mass close to the Earth could be sent out into a collision course with the asteroid, knocking it off course. When the asteroid is still far from the Earth, a means of deflecting the asteroid is to directly alter its momentum by colliding a spacecraft with the asteroid.
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Answer:
Explanation:
(a) Part 1:
reaction. This is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which we have two steps. Firstly, chlorine, a good leaving group, leaves the carbon skeleton to form a relatively stable secondary carbocation. This carbocation is then attacked by the hydroxide anion, our nucleophile, to form the final product.
To summarize, this mechanism takes places in two separate steps. The mechanism is attached below.
Part 2:
reaction. This is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which we have one step. Our nucleophile, hydroxide, attacks the carbon and then chlorine leaves simultaneously without an intermediate carbocation being formed.
The mechanism is attached as well.
(b) The rate determining step is the slow step. Formation of the carbocation has the greatest activation energy, so this is our rate determining step for
. For
, we only have one step, so the rate determining step is the attack of the nucleophile and the loss of the leaving group.
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