The Chromosomes type in male are X and Y while they are X and X in the mother.
The gender of the child is determined by the chromosome given by the father as both parents give a chromosome each.
The X chromosome from the father results in a female child while the Y chromosome from the father results in a male child as such, the father decides the gender of the child.
The horizontal force : f = k*N k- coefficient of friction k = f /N N = m * g = 45 kg * 9.81 m/s² = 441.45 N k = 25 N : 441.45 N = 0.057 Answer C) 0.057